游离皮瓣在组合移植中的应用

目的 探讨游离皮瓣在组合移植中的应用及其临床效果。方法1991年1月～2003年12月，行皮瓣或肌皮瓣的组合移植手术56例，其中男37例，女19例。年龄5～41岁，平均27．6岁。分别修复肢体特大面积软组织缺损、大面积皮肤和节段性长管状骨复合缺损，实现合并皮肤缺损的拇指缺失的一期修复和再造。移植的组织包括背阔肌肌皮瓣、肩胛皮瓣、股外侧皮瓣、拇趾皮肤趾甲瓣以及腓骨。移植组织的共同血管蒂与受区血管直接吻合建立血液循环者35例，以桥式交叉方式与健侧肢体选定的血管吻合建立临时血液供应者21例。结果所有患者获随访10～128个月，平均28个月，除2例背阔肌肌皮瓣与游离腓骨组合移植失败外，余均成活。涉及骨缺损修复成功的32例，移植的腓骨平均术后14．5周与宿主骨连接。术后修复和重建的肢体均恢复负重和活动功能；其中1例小腿皮肤与骨骼复合缺损成功修复3年后，因足趾压迫性溃疡而要求截肢。结论游离皮瓣在组合移植中的应用能有效实现肢体复杂组织缺损的修复和复杂缺失的再造。

APPLICATION OF FREE FLAPS IN COMBINED TRANSPLANTATION

Objective To investigate the application of free flaps in combined transplantation and its clinical outcome. Methods From January 1991 to December 2003, 56 cases of combined transplantation involving cutaneous or myocutaneous flaps were performed to repair extremely large soft tissue defects, large-sized skin and segmental bone defects and to simultaneously reconstruct the missing thumb and repair the associated skin defects in the first web space.Of the 56 patients, 37 were males, 19 were females. Their ages ranged from 5 to 41, 27.6 in average. The transplants included latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap, scapular flap, lateral femoral flap, big toe skin-nail flap, and fibula. To establish blood circulation in the transplants, the common vascular pedicle was anastomosed directly to the vessels in the recipient site in 35 cases but to the selected vessels in the healthy limb in 21 through a cross-bridge procedure. Results With failure in 2 cases of combined transplantation of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap and vascularized fibula, all the transplants survived well. In the 32 cases of long bone defects with successful repair, the transplanted fibulas united with host bones 14.5 weeks after operation on the average. A mean follow-up of 28 (10-128) months revealed that function in all cases was recovered, while one patient, who underwent a successful combined transplantation of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap and vascularized fibula, required amputation of the involved leg 3 years after repair because of the repeated ulcers in the toes. Conclusion The application of free flaps in combined transplantation can lead to an effective repair of complicated tissue defects of the limb and to a successful reconstruction of the associated missing thumb.