佛山市加油站员工血铅水平调查

目的调查佛山市加油站员工血铅水平与铅中毒状况。方法采用伏安溶出方法对247例佛山市加油站员工与500例佛山市无职业性铅接触史的健康人员的血标本进行血铅水平检测;采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对5个佛山加油站的30个采样点空气样品以及佛山非加油站区域的100个空气样品进行空气铅尘测定。结果受检测的247例加油站员工的血铅平均值为(0.29±0.06)μmol/L,500例无职业性铅接触史的健康人员血铅平均值为(0.23±0.05)μmol/L,两者差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。其中加油站员工高铅血症率为1.2%(3/247),对照组高铅血症率为0.2%(1/500),两者阳性率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);30个加油站采样点空气中铅尘平均值为(0.0025±0.0006)mg/m3,100个非加油站区域空气中铅尘平均值为(0.0020±0.0006)mg/m3,两者差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论佛山市加油站空气中铅、员工血中铅的平均水平均在正常参考值和国家容许标准范围内,证实该市推广无铅汽油,治理铅污染有效。加油站空气中铅和员工血中铅平均水平均显著高于对照,提示应继续做好环境铅污染的治理工作。

Investigation on Blood Lead Levels of Gas Station Employees in Foshan City

Objective]To investigate the blood lead level and lead poisoning of gas station employees in Foshan City.Methods]Anodic Stripping Voltametry was adopted to perform blood lead level detection on 247 gas station employees and another 500 healthy people without lead exposure in Foshan City.The lead dust levels of air samples in 30 sampling points of 5 gas stations in Foshan City and 100 air samples collected in non-station areas were detected with flame atomic absorption spectrographic method.Results]The mean value of blood lead levels was（0.29±0.06） μmol/L in 247 gas station employees and （0.23±0.05） μmol/L in 500 health people without lead exposure,the difference was significant（P0.01）.The high blood lead rate of the gas station employees was 1.2% （3/247） and that of health people was 0.05%（1/500）,the difference was not significant （P0.05）;The mean value of air lead dust levels in 30 sampling points was （0.0025±0.0006） mg/m3,that of non-station areas was（0.0020±0.0006） mg/m3,the difference was significant （P0.01）.Conclusion]The average levels of air lead and employees’ blood lead in gas station of Foshan City are in the range of normal reference and national standards which has confirmed that the city＇s promotion of unleaded gasoline in effective in treatment of lead contamination.The average levels of air lead and employees’ blood lead are significantly higher than the control indicates that the treatment on environmental lead contamination should be implemented continuously.