恶性胸膜间皮瘤的实验模型

恶性胸膜间皮瘤(malignant pleural mesothelioma，MPM)是一种少见的肿瘤，近年来发病率逐渐上升，由于诊断和治疗均较困难，所以迫切需要建立实验模型进行研究。通过对模型的种类、制作方法和各种模型的特点进行综述，归纳出其用途。MPM动物模型是临床研究最常用的实验模型，多用大鼠或裸鼠，以诱发性动物模型和异种移植模型较成熟。目前各种模型均存在一些缺点，或周期长、出瘤率低或与人差异较大等，离理想的模型仍有一定的距离。但随着分子生物学和分子遗传学的发展，利用基因或其它途径减少或消除大动物的个体差异，同时提高实验动物产量；研究裸鼠的繁殖、饲养规律，寻找廉价、饲养方便、体大、生命力强的裸鼠，以及对MPM转基因动物模型的研究，将有希望获得多种满足不同需要的理想MPM实验模型。

Experiment models of malignant pleural mesothelioma

Malignant pleural mesothelioma(MPM) is a relatively rare tumor. Its incidence is generally rising in recent years. The pathogenesis of this disease is unclear. Because of involvement in special population, the collection of cases and specimens is very difficult, and the systemic, deep investigation on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention is not made. It is necessary to establish experiment models of MPM, and to discuss the models types, making methods, features and their clinical functions in detail. Animal models which are mainly made of rat or nude mouse are the most usual model ones in clinical research. The induced MPM animal models and the xenotransplantation models are more commonly used. But all of these models have some deficiencies--some have a long cycle or a low rate and others differ from human,so there is still a long way to go before ideal models are established. However, contributing to the development of molecular biology and molecular genetics, the individual difference among big animals is decreased, and the production of experiment animals is increased by using the technique of gene or other ways. It is promising obtaining ideal MPM experiment model which can gratify various purpose by investigating on the breeding and grooming of nude mice that are economic, convenient for breeding, large and high survive rate, and by studying MPM transgenic animal model.