关节镜下病灶清除并半环槽加压外固定治疗全踝关节结核

目的探讨关节镜下踝关节结核病灶清除并半环槽加压外固定行踝关节融合术治疗全踝关节结核的临床经验。方法6例全踝关节结核患者，男4例，女2例；年龄28-44岁，平均33岁。病程8-23个月，平均13个月；均为单踝关节发病。其中1例伴踝部窦道形成患者曾在外院行切开引流术。术前均行至少3周的抗结核治疗。手术采用踝关节镜前外侧及前内侧入路进行结核病灶清除和胫距关节融合，并用半环槽外固定架固定。结果术后无一例发生皮肤感染及窦道形成等并发症。患者于术后2-7d，平均4d即可下地活动。术后6例均获得随访，随访时间6-42个月，平均21．3个月。6例患者于术后9-17周，平均12．5周达到骨性愈合，其中3例患者术后疼痛消失，其余3例有轻度疼痛及跛行，均无结核复发。结论对没有严重骨破坏的全踝关节结核采用关节镜下病灶清除，具有损伤小、恢复快、病灶清除彻底等优点。半环槽加压外固定，可早期下床活动，有利于融合愈合。

Arthroscopically assisted debridement and tibiotalar arthrodesis with half-ring sulcated external fixator for treatment of total ankle joint tuberculosis

Objective To investigate the clinical experiment of arthroscopically assisted debridement and tibiotalar arthrodesis with half-ring sulcated external fixator for treatment of total ankle joints tuberculosis. Methods From January 2001 to April 2005, 6 patients (4 males and 2 females), with a mean age of 33 years old (range, 28 to 44 years old) and mean duration of 13 months, received arthroscopically assisted debridement and tibiotalar arthrodesis with half-ring sulcated external fixator. All patients had received at least 3 weeks standard drug treatment for tuberculosis before the operation. After thoroughly debridement under arthroscopy using anterolateral and anteromedial approaches, a half-ring sulcated external fixator was used to fix the ankle joint at the neutral position. 4 days (2-7 days) after the operation, patients could walk with partially weight bearing. All patients replied to our questionnaire and the average follow-up was 21.3 months, with a range of 6-42 months. Patients returned for a clinical and radiolographic evaluation every week before the tibiotalar joints union. The external fixator apparatus were removed after the joint fused. Results Fusion occurred in all patients, the average time to clinical and radiographic union was 12.5 weeks (9-17 weeks). 3 patients were graded as excellent: no pain with a stable fusion. The others were graded as good: mild pain, occasional limp with a stable fusion. There were no sinus or other complications occurred. Conclusion There are considerable advantages using arthroscopically assisted debridement and tibiotalar arthrodesis with half-ring sulcated external fixator for treatment of total ankle joints tuberculosis without serious bone defect, include: limited invasion, quickly recovery, thoroughly debriding the tuberculose focus. And the half-ring sulcated external compression fixator could achieve stable and elastic fixation with adjustable rigidity. And patients can walk earlier to promote ankle fusion and decrease related complications.