Rapid Measurement of Blood Propofol Levels: a Proof of Concept Study

Objective: Despite many advantages over traditional volatile anaesthetic techniques, propofol total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) makes up a small percentage of general anaesthetics administered. One of the reasons for this is the absence of a clinically useful method for measuring blood propofol concentrations. We have designed and tested a prototype system for rapidly measuring blood plasma levels of propofol using solid phase extraction (SPE) methodology, coupled with colorimetric and spectrometric techniques. Methods: Multiple venous blood samples were taken from 17 subjects during induction of anaesthesia with propofol. Samples were analysed in duplicate on both the prototype system and using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The prototype monitor response was calibrated against known methanol-based propofol standards and an estimate of the plasma concentration of propofol derived from regression analysis of the standard responses. Results: Bland Altman analysis from a total of 87 samples gave 95% limits of agreement between the two methods of −0.34 to 0.42 μg mL⁻¹ (with no significant bias). The mean absolute prediction error was 8.9(7.5)%. The run time per sample on the prototype system was 4.5 min, including sample preparation. Conclusion: The results show that this methodology may be suitable for rapid and accurate clinical monitoring of propofol levels during general anaesthesia. An erratum to this article can be found at