Preceptor Development: Providing Effective Feedback,Part 2 |
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| Authors: | Brian Buck Samaneh T. Wilkinson Holly Phillips |
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| Affiliation: | *Clinical Associate Professor, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, Georgia;†Assistant Director – Inpatient Clinical Services, PGY-1 Residency Program Director, PGY-2 HSPA Residency Program Coordinator, The University of Kansas Hospital, Kansas City, Kansas;‡Acute Care Pharmacist Manager, PGY1 Residency Program Director, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, Colorado. |
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| Abstract: | An integral part of providing effective feedback to pharmacy residents occurs during the evaluation process. Residency evaluation involves measuring and documenting performance as it relates to standardized residency outcomes, goals, and learning objectives. Evaluations may be formative or summative and include the preceptor’s evaluation of the resident’s performance, the resident’s self-assessments, and the resident’s evaluation of the preceptor and learning experience. Evaluations are more structured than feedback, and they involve documentation of the verbal feedback that was provided throughout the learning experience. This article will focus on the preceptor’s role in providing effective resident evaluations based on specific learning activities.Key Words: evaluation, feedback, formative, learning activities, residency precepting, self-assessment, summativeMany factors impact preceptors’ ability to provide quality feedback.1 In verbal feedback and written evaluation, communication is critical. Effective communication is a key component to a successful pharmacy practice,2 and much of the residency year involves training residents to develop communication proficiency in multiple practice situations. Because the intention in residency training is for learners to model the preceptors’ skills, attitudes, and behaviors, the way that preceptors communicate in evaluations is important in the residents’ overall development.Along with communication, professionalism, role-modeling, coaching, and evaluation skills have been identified as key elements of effective pharmacy precepting.3,4 Colleagues in medicine and nursing have also identified preceptor characteristics associated with proficiency in providing feedback.5–7 These include completing preceptor training, showing empathy for learners, establishing mutually agreed upon learning goals, challenging learners, managing conflict, and documenting and reviewing professional goals annually. Imparting these skills to residents, including the skills needed for effective evaluation, is not only important for individual resident growth, but is also important for the profession’s growth as new and future residency graduates will need to be confident and competent preceptors to advance residency training.8 |
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