绞股蓝皂苷对嗅球损毁大鼠学习记忆能力减退的影响

目的观察绞股蓝皂苷对嗅球（oB）损毁AD模型大鼠学习记忆能力减退的影响。方法SD健康大鼠150只，随机分为5组：OB损毁组，绞股蓝皂苷高、中、低剂量干预组，正常对照组，每组30只。通过双侧OB损毁、复制AD大鼠模型。采用绞股蓝皂苷连续灌胃，观察各组大鼠行为学、海马GAP-43蛋白和GAP-43mRNA表达以及隔区胆碱乙酰转移酶（CHAT）免疫阳性神经元数的变化。结果与OB损毁组比较，绞股蓝皂苷中、高剂量组潜伏期明显缩短、穿过平台次数明显增加（P〈0．05）；海马GAP-43蛋白和GAP-43mRNA表达明显增多（P〈0．05）；内侧隔核和斜角带垂直支中ChAT免疫阳性神经元数也明显增多（P〈0．05），且胞体变大、突起变长。绞股蓝皂苷低剂量组与OB损毁组比较，上述各指标均无明显差异（P〉0．05）。绞股蓝皂苷中、高剂量组之间比较，上述各指标均有明显差异（P〈0．05）。结论绞股蓝皂苷可能通过提高海马GAP-43蛋白和GAP-43mRNA表达以及保护隔区胆碱能神经元，改善OB损毁AD大鼠学习记忆功能。

Research of Gypensides on the Learning and Memory Abilities of Rats with Olfactory Bulb Ablation

Objective： To investigate the effects of gypensides on the learning and memory abilities of rats with olfactory bulb ablation. Methods： SD healthy rats totaling 150 were divided randomly into 5 groups： OB ablation group,high GP close group,medium GP dose group,low GP dose groups,and control group with 30 rats in each group. The AD rat model was established by bilateral OB ablation. The GP was imposed on the AD rats by gastric lavage. The variations of the behavior,GAP-43 protein levels, GAP-43 mRNA levels and in the septal area the cholineaeetytransferase （CHAT）-positive neurons of each group were observed. Results： In comparison with OB ablation group,the latency stages of rats in the medium and high GP dose groups were clearly shortened and the time of the passages through the platform increased （P〈 0.05 ）. In comparison with OB ablation group ,the expression of GAP-43 protein and GAP-43 mRNA were decreased significantly in the medium and high GP dose groups （P〈 0.05）. In comparison with the OB ablation group,the ChAT - positive neurons in the medial septal nuclei and vertical branch of diagonal band increased significantly in the rats of the medium and high GP close groups（P 〈 0.05 ）, and the nerve cell bodies were enlarged and the neurites were longer. The low GP dose group was not significantly different from the OB ablation group in terms of the indicators above （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： GP could promote the expression of GAP-43 protein, GAP-43 mRAN and protect the cholinergic neurons in the septal area,thus improving the learning and memory abilities of AD rats with OB ablation.