兰州市小学生睡眠状况调查及相关因素

目的了解兰州市小学生睡眠状况及影响因素。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法在兰州市4个区选取3283名小学生,在严格质量控制下进行睡眠问卷调查。结果兰州市小学生全天总睡眠时间小于10 h,随年龄增长而减少,各组间均数呈线形趋势,以10岁为界,有显著性差异(f=25.32,P<0.01);睡眠时间的影响因素有年龄、体重、非单独卧室、业余学习、写作业所用时间、近期家庭有意外事件发生、居室的安静情况,抚养人的学历、职业及就寝时间等10项。睡眠障碍总发生率为16.24%,其中睡眠障碍的发生率男孩为18.22%,女孩为14.07%,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。睡眠障碍发生的危险因素分别为体重、睡眠不固定、睡眠时间过长、睡眠时间不足、有扁桃体和腺样体肥大,睡觉前30min看紧张电视、剧烈运动、卧室放电视、与家长同床睡、父母关系不良、父亲有焦虑情绪等11项。结论兰州市小学生的睡眠时间少于国家规定,睡眠障碍的发生率较发达城市稍低。睡眠相关因素主要是家庭社会环境、课业负担、睡眠习惯、抚养人的高学历及焦虑情绪。

Sleeping condition and correlated factors among students at primary school in Lanzhou City

Objective To explore the sleeping condition of children and correlated factors among students at primary school in Lanzhou City.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among the parents of 3283 students at primary school,stratified random sampling selected in four urban districts of Lanzhou.Results The sleeping time was getting shorter and shorter with the growth of students in primary school(f=25.32,P <0.01).The total sleeping time among students at primary school was less than 10 h a day in Lanzhou.The influence factors of children’s total sleeping time were children’s age,weight,gender,the time of homework,sleeping with their parent,amateur study,family accident,the education background and occupation of parents’,and the time of going to bed of fosterer,etc.The prevalence of sleeping disorders was 16.24%in the students of primary school in Lanzhou with 18.22%in boys and 14.07%in girls(P <0.05).The main risk factors that affected the sleeping conditions were weight,irregular sleep,not enough sleeping time,adenoids,watching nervous TV and acute exercise before 30 min to sleep,the bedroom with TV,sleeping with their parent,anxiety of the father,the parents’ bad marriage, etc.Conclusion The total sleeping time of the students from primary school in Lanzhou is below the standard requirements.There is a lower prevalence of sleeping disorders than that in developed city.The main influence factors of the sleeping were the family and social environment, schoolwork burden,habits of children and their parents’ high education and anxiety.