噪声作业人员动脉顺应性的调查

目的通过比较噪声作业人员与健康人群动脉顺应性的差异,观察噪声接触人员动脉顺应性的变化,为进一步制定相应的预防与控制措施提供科学依据。方法测量146名噪声接触人员(观察组)的动脉功能,大动脉弹性指数(C1)和小动脉弹性指数(C2)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、脉压差(PP)、平均动脉压(MABP)、心率(PR);用声级计测量作业场所噪声强度,计算累积噪声暴露量(CNE);用听力测定仪测定左右耳听力;另取117名不接触职业性有害因素工作人员作为对照组进行比较。结果①作业环境噪声强度总的点超标率为51.7%,语频听损检出率为3.42%,高频听损检出率为26.7%;②观察组的C1、C2均明显低于对照组(P<0.05),SBP、PP则明显高于对照组(P<0.05);③听力损失组PP显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而听力损失组的C2则要明显低于对照组;④相关分析提示:观察组SBP和PR与CI存在负相关关系,年龄、工龄、CNE、SBP、DBP、MABP、PR均与C2存在负相关关系;⑤逐步回归分析发现CNE、SBP、DBP及PR对C1有明显的影响,工龄、DBP及PR对C2有明显的影响。结论噪声接触人员的平均血压升高,大、小动脉弹性降低,提示动脉顺应性的降低可以作为噪声接触人员血管功能早期改变的观察指标之一。

Study on Arterial Compliance of Noise Exposure

Objective To study the influence of noise exposure on the arterial compliance.Methods The noise intensity of the workplace was monitored.Audition,arterial compliance(including conduction artery elastic index C_1,small artery elastic index C_2),systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),pulse pressure(PP) were measured in 146 noise exposed subjects(exposed group)and 117 workers who were not exposed to the same noise conditions as the control group.Results(1) Unqualified rate of noise monitoring points was 51.7%.The incidence of high freqency hearing loss was 26.7%.(2)Both C_1 and C_2 of the exposure group were significantly lower than those of control group(P<0.05),while SBP and PP were significantly higher(P<0.05).(3)C_2 was remarkably lower than that of the control group,while PP of the hearing loss group was higher than control group(P<0.05).(4) C_1 had the negative correlations with SBP and PR,and C_2 had the negative correlations with age,working age,CNE,SBP,DBP,MABP and PR.(5)We found that CNE,SBP,DBP and PR mainly influenced on C_1,while work age DBP and PR mainly influenced on C_2.Conclusions The blood pressure of workers who exposed to the noise had been increased and arterial compliance had been decreased.These results suggested that arterial compliance might be as an early marker of vessel diseases in noise exposured population.