洛阳地区妊娠女性妊娠压力与心理健康及影响因素分析

目的调查并了解在妊娠期女性的心理健康与压力相关程度,分析和探讨其影响因素。方法选取河南科技大学第一附属医院孕期妇女到产科进行检查的符合排除和纳入标准的312名为研究对象,并采用妊娠压力量表以及症状自评量表进行问卷调查。结果孕妇的总体压力处于中等水平,得分为(1. 68±0. 43);其中"为确保母子健康和安全而引发的压力感"得分最高,为(2. 13±0. 70);不同文化程度在心理健康上差异有统计学意义(F=22. 105,P<0. 05),在压力上差异无统计学意义(F=1. 574,P>0. 05)、不同妊娠计划在压力和心理健康差异有统计学意义(t压力=3. 261,t心理健康=4. 065,P<0. 05),不同职业的孕妇在压力上差异无统计学意义(F=0. 769,P>0. 05),而在心理健康方面差异有统计学意义(F=2. 929,P<0. 05),是否接受试管婴儿对妊娠期女性妊娠压力和心理健康差异均无统计学意义(t压力=1. 364,t心理健康=0. 087,P>0. 05);孕妇的心理健康水平除了抑郁、偏执以及精神病这三项外(t=0. 567、0. 000、0. 295,P>0. 05),其余各项均值均显著高于中国常模(t=6. 160、2. 855、3. 683、3. 521、3. 122、4. 996,P<0. 05);压力的总均值以及各因子与心理健康的总均值以及各项目均值均呈现显著正相关(P<0. 05),即孕妇的压力越大,心理健康水平越低。结论洛阳地区妊娠压力水平处于中等水平,整体心理健康水平较差。多种因素都对妊娠压力水平对女性心理健康有显著影响,因此需要及时对孕妇进行压力评估和心理疏导,改善孕妇心理健康,使妊娠质量提高。

Pregnancy stress,mental health and their influencing factors among pregnant women in Luoyang region

Objective To investigate the degree of mental health and stress in women during pregnancy, and to analyze and explore their influencing factors. Methods Three hundred and twelve pregnant women meeting the exclusion and inclusion criteria were selected from outpatients in Department of Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology to serve as the research subjects, and then a questionnaire survey was conducted by using the Pregnancy Stress Scale and Symptom Self-rating Scale. Results The overall stress of the pregnant woman was at a moderate level, with a score of (1.68±0.43). The score of stress resulting from ensuring maternal and child health and safety was the highest (2.13±0.70). A statistically significant difference was found in mental health among pregnant woman with different educational backgrounds (F=22.105, P<0.05), but not in stress (F=1.574, P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in stress and mental health among pregnant women with different pregnancy plans (t_stress=3.261, t_{mental health}=4.065, both P>0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in stress among pregnant women with different occupations (F=0.769, P>0.05), but a statistically significant difference in mental health (F=2.929, P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in pregnancy stress and mental health between pregnant women receiving and not receiving a test-tube baby program (t_stress=1.364, t_{mental health}=0.087, both P>0.05). The mean values of all items of mental health in the pregnant women were significantly higher than those of the Chinese norms (t=6.160, t=2.855, t=3.683, t=3.521, t=3.122, t=4.996, all P<0.05) except the three items including depression, paranoia and mental illness (t=0.567, t=0.000, t=0.295, all P>0.05). The total mean score as well as average score of each factor of stress and the total mean score as well as the average score of each item of mental health showed a significant positive correlation (P<0.05), namely, the higher the pressure of pregnant women, the lower the level of mental health. Conclusions Pregnancy stress of the pregnant women in Luoyang region is at a moderate level, and their overall mental health level is poor. Many factors have significant impacts on the levels of pregnancy stress and mental health of the pregnant women; and hence, it is necessary to timely conduct stress assessment and psychological counseling so as to improve their mental health and promote the quality of pregnancy.