颏孔区域的解剖学研究

目的　研究国人下颌管前端的位置及其延续关系 ,为临床手术提供解剖学依据。方法　打磨 6 0侧湿下颌骨标本 ,暴露下颌管前端及其延续部分并直接观察和测量。结果　下颌管前端分出同一方向前行的切牙神经管和向后、上、外转弯的颏管。颏管开口于颏孔 ,其管径为 (2 .2 6± 0 .6 0 )mm ,管长 (4 .0 1± 1.2 0 )mm。切牙神经管的管径为 (1.76± 0 .2 6 )mm ,其下缘至下颌骨下缘的垂直距离为 (9.5 3± 1.43)mm ,其始端对应颏孔前缘的水平距离为 (3.5 4± 0 .72 )mm。下牙槽神经的终末支颏神经和切牙神经分别走行与上述两管内。结论　颏管和切牙神经管由下颌管发出 ,其内分别为同名神经。

THE ANATOMICAL STUDY OF THE PERIO-MENTAL FORAMINA

Objective To observe the feature and its continuity of anterior part of mandibular canal so as to offer a reliable anatomical data for the distric operation. Methods The anterior parts of the mandibular canals of 60 Chinese wet mandibles have been dissected and measured. Results The anterior end of the mandibular canal is divided into two canals: incisor never canal, which spreads forward in same direction. Mental canal, which bends backward and upward and outward then opens into mental foramina. Mental canal is about (2.26±0.60)mm in diameter and about (4.01±1.20)mm long. Incisor nerve canal is about (1.76±0.26)mm in diameter. It is about (3.54±0.72)mm horizontally from the anterior border of mental foramen to the posterior border or incisor nerve canal. It is about (9.53±1.43)mm vertically from the superior border of the incisor nerve canal to the superior border of the mandible. The inferior alveolar nerve at the end of mandibular canal is divided into two branches: The incisor nerve and the mental nerve. Conclusion The anterior end of mandibular canal extends into incisor nerve canal and mental canal containing the nerve of same name.