实时超声诊断儿童直立性蛋白尿和非肾性血尿─—胡桃夹现象

在直立性蛋白尿和非肾性血尿的患儿中，应用实时超声检查出胡桃夹现象（左肾静脉压迫综合征）154例。其中男80例，女74例，年龄3～14岁。全部患儿于仰卧位发现左肾静脉（LRV）在肠系膜上动脉（SMA）和腹主动脉（AO）间均受压，扩张部位内径较狭窄部位宽2倍以上，脊柱后伸位站立20分钟后宽4倍以上，最宽者达15倍，同时SMA与AO间夹角变小。LRV扩张程度与其受压程度一致。本文强调各种不同体位对照检查，对确诊意义很大。文中探讨了超声诊断标准及发病机理，并认为超声诊断胡桃夹现象，是一项具有实用价值，值得推广的诊断方法。

Real-time Sonographic Diagnosis of Nut Cracker Phenomenon in Children with Orthostatic Proteinuria

Children with orthostatic proteinuria or hematuria known as left renal vein entrapment syndrome or nut cracker phenomenon can be detected by real-time sonreraphy. 154 diseased children aged 3 to 14 were reported in this paper.Compressions of the left renal vein at the site between superior mesentary artery and aorta surveyed in supine position provoked venous dilatation which even more serious in case of patient turning to erect lordotic posture. However by changing a suitable posture of the patient that facilitated venous now, the superior mesentary artery-aorta angle became decreased.Method of examination and diagnostic criteria were detailed.