水下冲击波致犬肺损伤的病理学观察

目的探讨水下冲击伤后犬肺的病理学改变.方法成年杂种犬37只,布放于离爆心3.5～17.5 m处,分别用200、500 g和1 000 g TNT水下3 m爆炸,水中压力传感器测定冲击波物理参数,观察伤后肺的大体形态学改变以及光镜和电镜下组织结构的变化.结果肺损伤的发生率达83.7%,大体形态学改变主要为肺出血、肺水肿及少数肺撕裂;光镜下可见肺泡腔内有大量的红细胞及纤维蛋白渗出;电镜下可见肺泡壁毛细血管内皮细胞破坏严重,部分线粒体出现空泡变与髓鞘样结构,核膜不完整等特点.结论严重的肺出血和肺水肿可能为动物水下冲击伤早期死亡的主要原因.

Pathological observation of the dog lungs after underwater blast injury

Objective To explore pathological changes of the dog lungs after underwater blast injury. Methods Lungs from 37 adult dogs were taken after different underwater blast explosions, and observed with gross examination, light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). Results Pulmonary hemorrhage and edema were the main morphological changes. Under LM the alveolus space was seen to be filled with edematous fluid and bloody components. Part of alveolus walls were ruptured and fused into bigger cavities while under EM the mitochondria of alveolar epithelium were vacuolated and some of the capillary predominant endothelium were broken. Hemorrhage was the pathological feature of intestinal tract. Conclusion Severe pulmonary hemorrhage and edema may be the main cause of early death of dogs with underwater blast injury.