我国中年人群的营养素摄入状况与高血压发病关系的前瞻性研究

目的探讨我国中年人群中营养素摄入状况与高血压发病的关系。方法1983—1984年在北京、广州4组人群中进行心血管病危险因素调查和膳食调查,1993-1994年采用相同的方法对上述人群进行了除膳食调查以外全部项目的复查。本研究对基线有膳食资料、无高血压和其他心血管疾病且参加1993-1994年复查的653人的资料进行分析。结果653人中1983-1984年至1993-1994年共170人发生高血压。将研究对象按经热量校正后的营养素摄入量3分位数分为3组,对多种营养素摄入量与高血压发病关系的分析结果显示：蛋白质摄入量和高血压发病之间存在显著的负关联,钠摄入量与高血压发病之间存在显著的正关联,其他营养素与高血压发病之间的关联大多较弱且不具有统计学意义。结论膳食蛋白质和钠可能是影响我国人群高血压发病的重要的膳食因素,在我国中年人群中增加膳食蛋白质的摄入、同时减少钠的摄入,对于预防高血压可能具有重要的作用。

A cohort study on the relationship between nutrients intake and the incidence of hypertension in middle-aged Chinese

Objective To explore the relationship between nutrient intake and the incidence of hypertension in middle-aged Chinese.Methods A prospective study was conducted in 653 men and women of Beijing and Guanzhou, aged 35-59 years. The subjects had no hypertension or other cardiovascular diseases at baseline risk factor and dietary survey carried out in 1983-1984. The baseline information of nutrient intake was collected by using a 24-hour recall method on three consecutive days. The incidence of hypertension was determined through the follow-up survey in 1993-1994. The subjects were categorized into three groups according to tritiles of each baseline nutrient intake and the relative risk for hypertension incidence in each group was calculated by using the logistic regression model with the group of lowest risk as the referent.Results During the period of 1983-1984 to 1993-1994, 170 among 653 subjects had developed hypertension; 92 were men and 78 were women. After adjustment for other risk factors, the relative risk of hypertension for different protein intake groups was 1.0,0.87(95%CI 0.54-1.40)and 0.52(95%CI 0.32-0.87),respectively, and the p value for trend analysis was 0.011; the relative risk of hypertension for different sodium intake groups was 1.0,1.12 (95%CI 0.66-1.88) and 1.85(95%CI 1.09-3.14),respectively, and the p value for trend analysis was 0.015. There was no significant relationship between the other nutrient intake and hypertension incidence.Conclusion Among middle-aged Chinese, protein and sodium may be two of the most important dietary factors affecting the incidence of hypertension. Increasing protein intake and reducing sodium intake might be helpful for the prevention of hypertension.