肾移植与血液透析患者的前瞻性生存质量研究

目的比较肾移植与长期血液透析患者治疗早期阶段生存质量的差异。方法选择2011年11月行维持性血液透析或6个月以内计划行肾移植且年满18岁的终末期肾脏病患者,以健康相关生活质量问卷（SF-36）进行问卷调查,患者入组评定后随访6个月,再次评估其生存质量。观察期内由透析改为肾移植的归入肾移植组。最后对两组生存质量进行比较。结果共124例合格患者被纳入研究,其中肾移植组79例,血液透析组45例,在观察期内均未发生其他并发症。治疗前两组患者的生活质量评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,经过肾脏替代治疗6个月后,肾移植组SF-36总评分及其8个维度评分均高于血液透析组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论肾移植早期阶段对终末期肾脏病患者生存质量的改善较血液透析明显。

Prospective Cohort Study on Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Renal Transplantation or Hemodialysis

Objective To compare the quality of life in the early stage of treatment in patients who accepted renal transplantation with those who still were undergoing long-term hemodialysis. Methods Patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis in December 2011 and adult patients who planned to accept renal transplantation within 6 months were chosen to be our study subjects. The Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire （SF-36） was used for the study. After 6 months of following up, they were assessed with the same questionnaire again. Those hemodialysis patients who accepted renal transplantation within this period were divided into the intervention group. The quality of life between the two groups was compared then. Results A total of 124 end-stage renal failure patients were involved in our study, in which 79 patients successfully accepted renal transplantation （intervention group） and the other 45 patients who still underwent hemodialysis （controI group）. No other complications were observed during this period. There was no significant difference in life quality between the two groups before treatment （P 〉 0.05）. Six months after the treatment, SF-36 total score and each of the 8 dimension scores for the intervention group were all significantly higher than those for the control group （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion Renal transplantation recipients have a totally better life quality than those who depend on hemodialysis.