成都社区女性高血压及心血管危险因素的调查研究

目的调查成都社区女性高血压的患病率、合并心血管危险因素现状及城乡差异。方法2010年2月-10月采取整群随机抽样方法，选取成都市城市和农村共4个社区，对被选人群中所有35～70岁女性居民进行横断面调查，采用问卷、体格检查和实验室检查危险因素的方法。结果共调查成都市35～70岁社区女性居民1202例，城市社区616例，农村社区586例。患有高血压402例，总体患病率为33．44％，人口标化后患病率为35．27％。城市女性患病率42．86％高于农村女性23．55％，差异有统计学意义（X2=13．057，P〈0．001）。女性高血压患病率随年龄增加而增加。女性高血压合并心血管危险因素最多见的是腰围增粗（腹型肥胖），其后依次是高甘油三脂（TC）33．33％、高总胆固醇33．08％、餐后2h血糖异常28．86％、空腹血糖异常（IFG）24．38％、超重或肥胖16．67％、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇0．75％。城市女性高血压合并腰围增粗、IFG和高TC人群的比例均高于农村，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论成都地区女性高血压患病率高，城市女性患者合并心血脑血管主要危险因素的比例高于农村。

A Cross-sectional Study of the Prevalence and Risk Factors for Hypertension in Women from Chengdu Communities

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for hypertensive women in Chengdu communities, as well as the urban-rural differences. Methods Cluster random sampling method was used. Cross-sectional data on questionnaire for physical examination and laboratory tests were collected from study of 1 202 women in urban and rural Chengdu between February and October 2010. Results This study enrolled the total of 1 202 women aged from 35 to 70 in Chengdu communities, where 616 were from urban areas and 586 from rural areas. Of them, 402 had hypertension with an overall prevalence rate of 33.44% and with the standardized prevalence of 35.27%. The prevalence of hypertension in urban women （42.86%） was higher than that of rural women （23.55%）; the difference was statistical （2,2=13.057, P 〈 0.001）. The prevalence of hypertension increased with the age increase. The highest cardiovascular risk factors coexisted with hypertensive women was high waist circumference （abdominal obesity）, followed by triglyceride （33.33%）, total cholesterol （TC） （33.08%）, impaired glucose tolerance （38.86%）, impaired fasting glucose （IFG） （24.38%）, body mass index （16.67%）, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol （0.75%）. The urban hypertensive women had higher the ratio and average of high waist circumference, IFG and TC than thoes from rural areas with a statistically difference （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions Hypertension prevalence in women from rural areas is higher than that in women from urban areas. The urban hypertensive women has higher ratio of risk factors than thoes from rural areas.