早产儿食物转换期喂养情况的调查

目的了解早产儿食物转换期喂养过程中可能存在的问题。方法采用自行设计的喂养情况问卷对268例纠正月龄12～18个月的早产儿(其中高危儿60例,中危儿55例,低危儿153例)及117例足月儿进行调查。结果早产儿纯母乳喂养率为35.07%,显著低于足月儿的56.41%(P0.01)。母乳喂养早产儿中仅9.13%添加母乳强化剂。早产儿首次引入辅食平均月龄为(4.87±1.39)月,显著早于足月儿的(5.85±1.10)月(P0.01);早产儿引入动物性食物平均月龄为(7.88±2.66)月,为不同食物中最晚。77.24%的早产儿在引入泥糊状食物后又转为流质食物,24.63%晚于纠正9月龄引入颗粒状食物,36.94%晚于纠正12月龄引入条块状食物。结论早产儿纯母乳喂养及母乳强化剂使用比例低。首次引入辅食平均月龄早于足月儿,但动物性食物引入时间晚。辅食性状的引入和转换不合理。应采取母乳喂养现场指导、以模型或实操指导食物转换等多种方式实现早产儿的科学喂养。

Feeding status of preterm infants during the food conversion period

Objective To find out problems in feeding the preterm infant during the food conversion period. Methods A total of 268 preterm infants at 12-18 months corrected age (including 60 high-risk, 55 medium-risk and 153 low-risk) and 117 term infants were followed up using a self-designed feeding questionnaire. Results Exclusive breastfeeding rate was 35.07% in the preterm infant and 56.41% in the term, showing significant difference between them (P<0.01). Only 9.13% of the breastfed preterm was provided with human milk fortifier. The mean time to starting complementary food was (4.87±1.39) months in the preterm, earlier than the term (5.85±1.10 months, P<0.01). Animal source food was the latest introduced type of food in the preterm, with the mean time being (7.88±2.66) months. Nearly eighty percent (77.24%) of the preterm were fed with liquid food after introducing muddy food, 24.63% fed with granular food later than 9 months corrected age, and 36.94% introduced band-shape food later than 12 months corrected age. Conclusion The rates of exclusive breastfeeding and human milk fortifier usage were low in the preterm infant. Complementary food was introduced earlier in the preterm than the term, but animal source food was added later in the preterm. Introduction and transformation of food texture were inappropriate. On-site breastfeeding guidance andfood transformation guidance with models or practice should be provided to achieve scientific feeding of the preterm.