利用相似接触组研究低浓度苯接触对工人血液指标的影响

目的　研究不同相似接触组 (SEG)工人的血液指标与苯的接触剂量的关系。方法　研究对象为某鞋厂成型车间的制鞋工人 ,采用观察法和采样法相结合的方法划分SEG ,个体采样泵采集每个SEG中 5个工人呼吸带处接触水平 ,体检收集工人的血样、职业史 ,多元回归分析苯的接触水平对血常规的影响。结果　根据SEG的定义及该车间的实际情况 ,划分为 5个SEG ,除年龄有差异外 ,各SEG工人的工龄、吸烟、饮酒、血常规、主诉症状方面差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;多元回归分析发现 ,外周血白细胞计数随空气中苯浓度的增加而减少 ,两者之间呈负相关 (r=- 0 .36 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;接苯工龄与红细胞计数也存在负相关 (r =- 0 .2 9,P <0 .0 5 ) ;而红细胞和血小板的计数与苯接触之间没有发现类似的相关关系 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　SEG研究发现 ,苯的接触剂量与白细胞计数之间存在剂量 -反应关系 ,今后应该通过增加样本量 ,进一步研究低浓度的苯接触对工人外周血液指标的影响。

Effect of low benzene exposure on workers'''' peripheral blood parameters of different similar exposure groups

Objective To study the relationship between low benzene exposure doses with workers' peripheral blood parameters of different similar exposure groups(SEG). Methods The workers were from a shoe factory and divided into different SEG,according to the observation method and sampling method.Exposure levels,blood samples and job histories were collected.The relationship between benzene level and blood routine were analyzed using multiple regression method. Results Five SEGs were defined.No significant differences were found among different SEG in length of service,smoking,drinking,blood routine and symptoms except for ages.Significant negative correlation(r=-0.36,P<0.05) between benzene exposure levels and white blood cell counts were found by multiple regression analysis.Similar negative correlation was also found between length of benzene exposure and red blood cell counts(r=-0.29,P<0.05).No significantly statistical relationships were found between benzene exposure and red blood cell counts or platelet count. Conclusion SEGs method is sensitive for determining the relationship between benzene exposure levels and white blood cell counts.Further study is needed by increasing the number of workers to study the relationship between low benzene exposure and peripheral blood parameters.