牙种植体材料的理化特征及其临床应用评价

目的:口腔种植是修复牙列缺损、缺失最有效的手段之一,有广泛的应用和发展前景.文章主要评价口腔种植体材料的理化特征及其临床应用.方法:应用计算机检索Medline 1999-01/2009-11有关牙种植体理化特征的文章,检索词为"dental implant,biocompatibility",并限定文章语言种类为English.同时计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库1999-01/2009-11有关牙种植体理化特征的文章,检索词为"种植体,生物相容性",并限定文章语言种类为中文.结果:随着医用生物材料的研发,金属、陶瓷、高分子、复合材料及纳米材料在口腔种植方面发挥了重要作用.然而现代牙种植越来越强调种植牙的生物学功能,包括种植牙的生物学形态,以及与相邻软硬组织的关系和相互作用.纳米技术作为集生物材料和生命材料为一体的新技术,已成为口腔种植学中新的研究热点.结论:目前临床应用的牙种植体材料种类繁多,各有其优缺点,纳米材料凭借自身的独特优势,在传统种植材料领域将有广阔的发展前景.

Physicochemical property and clinical evaluation of dental implant materials

OBJECTIVE: Dental implantation is one of effective method to repair defect and dentition. Therefore, it has wide perspective for clinical application. This study was designed to evaluate physicochemical property and clinical application of dental implant materials.METHODS: A computer-based online search was conducted in Medline for English language publications containing the key words of "dental implant, biocompatibility" from January 1999 to November 2009. Relevant data were also searched from CNKI with the same key words in Chinese from January 1999 to November 2009.RESULTS: With the development of medical materials, metal, ceramics, high polymer, composite materials, and nano-materials played important roles in dental implantation. Biochemical function, including biological morphology and correlation with adjacent soft and sclerous tissues, of the implanted teeth becomes a hot topic in modern tooth implantation. Nanometer technique, as a novel technique of living and life materials, becomes a hot research in oral implantology.CONCLUSION: Varying materials have been applied for tooth implantation, while nano-materials are developing for replacing traditional implant materials.