Radiation injuries and illnesses in pediatric emergency medicine |
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| Authors: | Mary W. Rutherford MD James P. Seward MD MPP |
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| Affiliation: | Department of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA;a School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA;b Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Radiation illnesses and injuries are rare, and because they typically involve occupational exposures, they are even more rare in children. Nonetheless, radiation is widely used in medicine, industry, and research, and radioactive materials are commonly transported. Even without the specters of nuclear reactor accidents or terrorist releases of low-yield nuclear explosives, radiation exposures are events for which pediatric emergency departments need to prepare. We review basic raidation biology and physics, sources of radiation exposure, the pathophysiology of radiation injury and illness, the diagnosis of radiation exposure, the clinical presentation and natural history of radiation injury and illness, the treatment of radiation exposure, and emergency department preparedness for handling radiation injury and illness. Having a radiation disaster plan in place, knowing its elements and practicing them, and prepositioning the right supplies are the keys to successfully treating exposed patients. |
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