小学生父母对子女情感虐待及其影响因素研究

目的 了解小学生父母近1年来对子女精神虐待的发生情况及其影响因素。方法 于2005年7月，用自填式问卷对阜新市某小学以班级为单位整群抽取185名小学生家长，就有关对子女虐待行为进行不记名调查。结果 在被调查的185名小学生父母中，在最近1年里，有57人（30．8％）曾对子女进行过1项或以上下列形式的情感虐待：在他人面前进行羞辱（25人，13．5％）、说希望其不存在（13人，7．0％）、威胁要将其赶出家门（26人，14．1％）、在家里目睹过家人的严重殴打（20人，10．8％）、威胁要严重伤害他（12人，6．5％）。童年期有被家长或／和老师当众羞辱经历的父母亲，对子女进行情感虐待行为的相对危险性是无此经历父母的2．9倍。父母对子女情感虐待行为与子女性别、家长受教育程度、家长性别及年龄无明显关联（P〉0．05）。结论 小学生家长对儿童精神虐待问题较为普遍，童年期曾受父母或／和老师情感虐待是导致家长对儿童情感虐待的危险因素。

Child Emotional Abuse by Parents and Its Risk Factors

Objective To ascertain the prevalence of child emotional abuse (CEA) by parents,to explore the risk factors of CEA by parents.Methods One hundred and eighty-five pupils' parents from an elementary school of a city were surveyed by self-administered questionnaire anonymously in July 2005.Results Overall,30.8% of parents reported having maltreated emotionally towards their children at least one time,one of five forms in the last year,the five forms CEA were humiliating in front of other people,to try to make the child feel that he/she were bad,stupid or worthless (13.5%),saying to the child wish he/she had never been born,or were dead (7.0%),threatening to abandon the child,or banishing the child from the house and family (14.1%),the child had witnessed very severe hitting or beating of family member at home (10.8%),threatening the child that he/she would be badly hurt (6.5%).Comparing those with humiliating experiences by their own parents/guardians or/and teachers to those with no such abuse,the risk of maltreating emotionally to their children was 2.9 times.Parents' CEA behavior was not significantly associated with their children's gender and age,and it was also not significantly associated with parents' education level,gender and age.Conclusion Findings from this research suggests that the problem of CEA by parents is common.Parents' humiliating experience by their own parents/guardians or/and teachers was a risk factor of emotional maltreatment to their own children.