贵州省1995～2009年5岁以下儿童死亡原因分析

目的:了解贵州省5岁以下儿童死亡原因及动态变化趋势,探讨相关因素,提出科学有效的干预方法。方法:按照《中国五岁以下儿童死亡监测方案》对1995～2009年5岁以下儿童死亡监测资料进行死亡率、构成比、死因顺位等相关因素分析。结果:贵州省5岁以下儿童死亡率呈逐年下降趋势;1995～2009年贵州省新生儿、婴儿、5岁以下儿童死亡率分别降低了62.10%(从24.98‰下降到13.46‰),69.90%(从48.52‰下降到21.26‰),71.60%(从66.40‰下降到27.09‰)。5岁以下儿童死因前4位为:肺炎、出生窒息、早产低出生体重和腹泻。结论:应加强对各级医疗保健专业队伍的培训,同时要加强健康教育,缩小妇幼卫生服务的地区和人群的差异,降低婴儿特别是新生儿死亡率,是降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的关键。

Analysis on the causes of children death under five years in Guizhou province from 1995 to 2009

Objective:To understand the causes and dynamic variation trend of children death under five years in Guizhou province,explore the related factors,put forward scientific and effective interventional methods.Methods:According to "monitoring scheme of children death under five years in China",the analysis on mortality,proportion,and rank of death causes was conducted based on the monitoring data of children death under five years from 1995 to 2009.Results:The mortality of children under five years in Guizhou province showed a decreasing trend year by year;the mortalities of neonates,infants,and children under five years in Guizhou province from 1995 to 2009 decreased by 62.1%(from 24.98 per 1 000 live births to 13.46 per 1 000 live births),69.9%(form 48.52 per 1 000 live births to 21.26 per 1 000 live births),and 71.6%(from 66.4 per 1 000 live births to 27.09 per 1 000 live births),respectively.The top four causes of children death under five years were pneumonia,birth asphyxia,premature infant with low birth weight,and diarrhea.Conclusion:The training of health care teams at different levels should be enhanced,at the same time,health education should be strengthened;narrowing the gap between region and population of maternal and child health services,reducing the mortality of infants,especially neonates,are the key points to reduce the mortality of children under five years.