农村少数民族育龄妇女生殖道感染现状及影响因素分析

目的:了解农村少数民族育龄妇女自述生殖道感染现状及其影响因素,为预防和控制生殖道感染提供依据。方法:采取整群抽样方法随机抽取黔南地区18～30岁1 986例农村少数民族有3岁以下儿童的育龄妇女进行问卷调查,自行设计调查问卷,由调查员对其进行面对面问卷调查。结果:在1 986例调查对象中,有793例自述在过去2周内至少有1种生殖道感染的症状,生殖道感染症状发生率为39.93%。其中,水族生殖道感染134例,发生率为16.89%,毛南族生殖道感染156例,发生率为19.67%,布依族生殖道感染119例,发生率为15.01%,苗族生殖道感染384例,发生率为48.42%。苗族生殖道感染发生率与其他3个民族比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在生殖道感染的人群中,有1种、2种、3种生殖道感染症状的妇女分别占22.58%、9.75%和7.60%。在调查的6种生殖道感染症状中,与月经无关的经常性下腹疼痛占29.25%,异味分泌物流出占16.61%,尿频、尿急或尿痛占16.01%,性交过程中腹痛或阴道痛15.39%,外阴瘙痒占14.63%和有绿色或黄色分泌物流出占8.2%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,文化程度、月经状况、怀孕次数、产次、经常在经期同房、流产史、经济收入、吸烟和民族是育龄妇女生殖道感染的主要危险因素。结论:黔南地区农村少数民族育龄妇女生殖道感染症状发生率较高,应提高妇女生殖道感染相关知识的知晓率,并采取有效的预防和干预措施。

Analysis on the status and the influencing factors of reproductive tract infections in the childbearing age women of minorities in rural areas

Objective:To know the status and the influencing factors of reproductive tract infections in the childbearing age women of minorities in rural areas.Methods:The 1 986 childbearing age women aged 18~30 years old and had had children under the age of 3 were randomly selected,and were conducted the questionnaire survey.The questionnaire was self designed and carried out by investigator in the type of face-to-face.Results:The 793 respondents said that they had at least one kind of symptom of reproductive tract infections in the past two weeks,and incidence of reproductive tract infections was 39.93%.Hereinto,there were 134 cases of reproductive tract infections in Shui nationality,and the incidence was 16.89%,while 156 cases in Maonan nationality with incidence of 19.67%,119 cases in Buyei nationality with incidence of 15.01%,and 384 cases in Miao nationality with incidence of 48.42%.Comparing the incidence of reproductive tract infections between Miao nationality and other three nationalities,the difference shown statistical significance(P<0.01).The percentage of women,who had one,two or three kinds of symptoms of reproductive tract infections were respectively 22.58%,9.75% and 7.60% among those who suffer from reproductive tract infections.In 6 kinds of symptoms of reproductive tract infections surveyed,usualness hypogastralgia unrelated to menstruation accounts for 29.25%,secretion outflow with smell accounts for 16.61%,urinary frequency,urgency and odynuria account for 16.01%,hypogastralgia or colpodynia during sexual intercourse account for 15.39%,vulvar itching accounts for 14.63 % and green or yellow secretion outflow accounts for 8.2%.Result of multi-factor Logistic regression analysis shown that major risk factors causing reproductive tract infections included education,menstruation condition,pregnancy times,delivery times,having sexual intercourse during menstruation frequently,miscarriages,incomes,smoke and nationality.Conclusion:The incidence of reproductive tract infections is higher in the childbearing age women of minorities in rural areas of Qiannan suffer.It should promote the awareness of related knowledge of reproductive tract infections and take effective preventing and intervening measures.