杭州某电器厂工人职业性听力损害调查研究及相关因素分析

目的调查研究噪声对杭州地区某电器厂工人听力的影响,并探讨其影响因素。方法采用精密脉冲声级计测定电器厂噪声作业环境的噪声强度,采用听力计检测噪声作业工人的听力状况,测定听力损害罹患率,将听力损害与接噪工龄、工种、性别、年龄进行统计学分析。结果该电器厂噪声性质为中高频连续稳态噪声,平均噪声强度92.34±8.62 dB（A）,工人职业性听力损害的罹患率为19.97%,听力损害随接噪工龄增加而升高,各工龄组间比较差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;不同工种听力损害的检出率由高到低依次为磨工、铆工、冲压、折弯工、总装、剪板、焊接。结论生产性噪声对作业工人的听力损害有显著影响。

A survey of noise-induced hearing impairment in workers of a factory of electrical products in Hangzhou city and its relevant contributing factors

Objective To understand the effects of noise on the hearing of workers of an electric appliance plant in Hangzhou and study the contributing factors in order to obtain scientific knowledge of the prevention of noise inducedhearing loss. Method Noise levels were measured using a precision pulse sound level meter. Audiometric tests were conducted with an audiometer,and the prevalence rate was also calculated. Applied statistical method to analyze the relationship between noise-induced hearing impairment and length of service,type of work,age and gender. Findings The noise of the plant was mainly intermediate or high frequency,which was continuous and steady. The average noise intensity was 92. 34 ± 8. 62 dB（ A）. The prevalence rate of occupational noise-induced hearing impairment was 19. 97%. The rate of noise-induced hearing impairment increased as length of service increased,and was significant among different types of work. The attack rate of hearing impairment of all types of work from high to low were grinder,riveter,punching workers, bend workers,assembly workers,clip workers and welders. Conclusion The productive noise has significant impact on hearing impairment in workers. It is suggested that individual protection should be strengthened and the files of health supervision should also be established in order to prevent occupational noise-induced deafness.