英国医疗风险监管体系的循证评价及其对我国医疗风险管理的启示——关注病人安全,预防医疗差错,提高医疗质量

目的循证评价英国医疗风险监管经验,为建立符合我国国情的医疗风险监测预警机制提供依据。方法检索EI、SCI、SSCI、EMbase、SCOPUS(100％包含MEDLINE)和 VIP、CNKI等中英文数据库,同时检索WHO、英国卫生部等官方网站,语种限定为中文和英文,检索时间截止2006年1月。全面搜集有关英国医疗风险、病人安全和医疗差错等方面的相关文献。结果共纳入11篇文献,包括B级9篇,C级2篇。2000年《An Organization with a Memory》报告披露了英国医疗差错的严重程度,同年布莱尔首相发布NHS改革五年计划。7年间NHS的预算连翻两番;成立国家病人安全中心 (NPSA);建立国家不良事件和近似差错分析处理系统;针对主要问题和重要高危领域采取了一系列切实可行的确保病人安全、防范医疗风险、提高医疗质量的措施,有效改善困扰英国政府和民众多年的问题,如病人候诊时间、 NHS服务范围、医疗设备利用率、高危疾病导致的死亡率等,明显提高了医疗服务质量。结论英国的医疗风险监管体系较完善,其取得的经验和教训对我国医疗体制的改革、医疗风险的防范、医疗质量的提高,实现人人享有公平、安全的卫生保健目标具有现实的指导和借鉴意义。

Evidence-Based Evaluation of Medical Risk Management System in UK and Its Application to Medical Risk Management in China

Objective To analyze experiences of medical risk management in the United Kingdom so as to explore the possible application for the construction of a Chinese medical risk monitoring and early warning system. Methods We searched Engineering Information, SCI and SSCI, EMBASE, SCOPUS with 100% MEDLINE, VIP, CNKI, and government or official websites. This search was conducted in Jan. 2006. We included articles about medical risk, patient safety and medical errors in the UK. Languages of articles were limited either in English or in Chinese. Results Eleven articles were included, of which 9 article are evidence of level B (about 80%) and the other 2 are evidence of level C (about 20%). The report of "An Organization with a Memory" revealed the severity of medical errors and adverse events in the UK in 2000, and subsequently Minister Blair announced a five-year reform program for NHS. Within 7 years of reform, NHS budget has been increased from (?)33 billion to (?)674 billion,(check numbers-doesn't sound correct) the National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) and the New National System for learning from adverse events and near misses have been established, a series of practicable measures aimed at ensuring patient safety, preventing medical risk and improving healthcare quality have been implemented, all of which have effectively resolved many problems that perplexed the government and public, such as patients waiting time, range of NHS service, the availability of medical facility and mortality induced by high-risk diseases. Conclusion There are both advantages and disadvantages in the present status of the UK medical risk management. Both of them will provide a guide to prevent medical risk, improve healthcare quality and to realize the ultimate goal that everybody could share healthcare sources fairly and safely in our country.