清代舌诊医案外感病与内伤病的舌象特征研究

目的：通过分析清代医案中外感病与内伤病的舌象构成比，获知两类疾病的舌象表现是否存在差异。方法：从51部清代医案著作中获得舌诊医案3059例，其中明确诊断为外感病医案者计1397个，内伤病医案者计1110个。采用卡方检验比较两类疾病的舌象构成。结果：外感病与内伤病在舌色、苔色、苔质方面存在显著性差异，P〈0．01。结论：外感病的舌象特征为绛舌、黄苔、黑苔、燥苔的出现率高；内伤病的舌象特征为淡白舌、薄苔、腻苔、剥苔的出现率高。

The Tongue Characteristic Study of Diseases from Exogenous Pathogenic Factors and from Internal Injury in the Case about Evaluation of Tongue in Qing Dynasty

Objective： To learn if there were different characteristics of tongue demonstration between diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factor and disorder of internal organs, Methods：Choosing 3 059 cases from 51 medical records of Qing Dynasty,in which 1397 cases were diagnosed as diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factor and 1 110 were disorder of internal organs. Contrasting the constituent ratio of tongue demonstration using chi-square test. Results： There were significant deviation between diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factor and disorder of internal organs in color of tongue, color of fur and quality of fur （P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusions： the characteristics of tongue demonstration in diseases caused by exogenous pathogenic factor were high frequency of bright red tongue, yellow fur, blank fur and dry fur;and which in disorder of internal organs were high frequency of white tongue, thin fur,greasy fur and exfoliative fur.