北京市海淀区学龄前儿童视力及屈光状态的调查

目的:了解北京市海淀区学龄前儿童视力及屈光状态,为防治屈光不正提供依据。方法:采取整群随机抽样方法抽取10所幼儿园2776例3～6岁儿童,应用儿童图形视力表和标准对数视力表检查视力;应用美国伟伦Suresight手持自动验光仪进行屈光检查。结果:学龄前儿童视力低常率为12.64%,随着年龄增长,视力低常率增高,5岁最高,6岁又稍有下降。视力正常眼的屈光状态以远视和散光为主,且均以轻度为主。中度远视和>1.50D的散光分别占1.79%和3.61%。视力低常眼中近视(3.18%)、中度远视(4.49%)、>1.50D的散光(22.47%)和混合散光(11.05%)所占的比例增多。结论:学龄前儿童视力及屈光是儿童眼保健的重要指标,了解各年龄视力及屈光状况非常必要,可以发现潜在问题,预测发展趋势,为早期干预提供依据。

An investigation of the preschool children's visual acuity and refraction in Beijing Haidian

AIM:To investigate the current situation of the preschool children’s visual acuity and refraction,to provide information for the prevention and treatment of the ametropia.·METHODS:A sample of 2776 children(5552 eyes,3 to 6 years old) were selected randomly.4-6 years old children were examined by the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart.3 years old children were examined by symbols chart.Refrangibility was detected using Suresight hand-held refractometer.·RESULTS:The ratio of subnormal visual acuity was 12.64%.The subnormal rate increased gradually as the age increasing and the rate of the five years old group was the highest.In cases with normal visual acuity,most of hypermetropia and astigmatism were mild.Moderate hypermetropia and middle astigmatism (>1.50D) were 1.79% and 3.61% respectively.In cases with subnormal visual acuity,myopia(3.18%),moderate hypermetropia(4.49%),middle astigmatism(22.47%) and mixed astigmatism(11.05%) were increased.·CONCLUSION:Visual acuity and refraction are very important in children’s eye care.It is necessary to check the preschool children’s visual acuity and refraction,so as to find latent problems,and to prospect the developmental trend and offer evidences for early intervention.