恶性肿瘤患者主要照顾者心理状况分析

目的:研究恶性肿瘤患者主要照顾者的心理卫生状况及其影响因素,探索能够改善其心理状况的有效措施。方法:采用Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对75例恶性肿瘤患者主要照顾者和75例非恶性肿瘤的患者主要照顾者进行评分调查。结果:恶性肿瘤患者主要照顾者的焦虑和抑郁状况不仅明显高于国内常模,而且也明显高于非恶性肿瘤患者的主要照顾者。低收入家庭(人均年收入≤2000元)、患者病程较长(>3个月)及TNM分期为Ⅲ-Ⅳ期的患者主要照顾者更易出现焦虑及抑郁等心理障碍。结论:必须关注恶性肿瘤患者主要照顾者的心理状况,要给予他们个体化的心理支持、友善的沟通和良好的环境等有效措施以改善患者及其照顾者的心理卫生状况。

Psychological analysis and nursing of principal caregivers of patients with malignant tumors

Objective: To study the psychological condition and its influential factors of principal caregivers of cancer patients, and to investigate the effective measures to improve their psychological status. Methods: Both seventy-five principal caregivers of cancer patients and seventy-five principal caregivers of non-cancer patients were interviewed using the Zung's Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) and Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS) . Results: The levels of anxiety and depression of principal caregivers of cancer patients were not only higher than those of the common population of our country, but also higher than those of principal caregivers of non-cancer patients. In view of their low-income family background and, their patients with long course and at III or IV stage of TNM staging, the principal caregives of cancer patients were apt to be anxious and depressed. Conclusion: It is necessary to pay attention to the caregives' psychological status . Effective measures, such as individual psychological support, friendly communication and better environment, should be given to them to improve the psychological status of caregivers and their patients.