不同钾肥用量对福田河白菊产量和质量的影响

目的研究钾肥施用量对福田河白菊产量和质量的影响,为其GAP栽培合理施肥提供指导。方法在中等氮、磷和其他矿质养分为肥底的基础上,设置不同钾肥施用量进行土壤培养试验,分别测定菊花产量和花中的黄酮、绿原酸、可溶性总氨基酸和粗蛋白的量以及苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性。结果盆栽试验结果表明,适量施钾能显著提高菊花产量与质量。在施钾(K2O)量为0～4.0g/株时,菊花产量和花中总黄酮的量与累积量同施钾量及花中钾的量成正比,而与花中N/K成反比;但施钾过高(6.0～8.0g/株)会抑制白菊生长,使菊花产量和花中总黄酮的量与累积量均有不同程度的降低。菊花中绿原酸的量同施钾量及花中钾的量成正比,而与花中N/K成反比。白菊不同花期花中总黄酮和绿原酸的量同花中可溶性总氨基酸和粗蛋白的量之间呈显著负相关。结论在中等氮、磷和其他矿质营养条件下,综合考虑菊花产量和花中总黄酮与绿原酸的量及累积量等因素,福田河白菊钾肥施用量以4.0g/株比较适宜。

Effect of potassium application at various rates on yield and quality of flower in Chrysanthemum morifolium from Futianhe region

Objective To study the synthesizing site,transporting mode,and storing position of essential oil in Pogostemon cablin stems and leaves.Methods Ultrathin slicing and histochemical methods were used.Results In parenchyma cells in the stem of P.cablin,dark osmiophilic material was observed in plastids and mitochondria,otherwise,some small gray vesicles were also found in cytoplasm.Some dark osmiophilic droplets were found to adhere to outer membrane of small gray vesicles,and many small gray vesicles with osmiophilic droplets gathered in outer membrane of large vacuole.In leaves,it was different case.Because palisade tissue cells were arranged closely,which had smaller volume and rich chloroplasts,so there was not large vacuole in palisade tissue cells.Plastids,mitochondria,and small vacuole were distributed in high density,but the first two organelles contained more dark osmilphilic substance than latter.Conclusion The plastid is the main synthesis site of essential oil,and the essential oil was mainly transferred by small gray vesicles into large vacuole to store in the stem.In leaves,chloroplast not only has photosynthesis,but also is the main synthesis site of essential oil,and essential oil is permeated into small vacuole to store.