糖尿病的药物治疗

目的近年,随着糖尿病发病率的日益上升,抗糖尿病药物越来越受到重视,本文主要介绍国内外治疗糖尿病的药物以及抗糖尿病药物的研究方向。为临床合理用药提供参考。方法参阅国外大量相关文献,进行归纳和总结。结果按作用机制和化学结构治疗糖尿病的药物主要有胰岛素促泌剂、胰岛素增敏剂、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂、胰岛素及胰岛素类似物、二肽基肽酶-Ⅳ(DPP-Ⅳ)抑制剂、其他口服降糖药。在临床使用中,二甲双胍、格列齐特、阿卡波糖应用广泛,居主导地位。在糖尿病的治疗中,常常联合用药。结论糖尿病的发生、发展与酶功能的紊乱密切相关。与糖尿病关系较为密切的酶,包括α-葡萄糖苷酶、醛糖还原酶、一氧化氮合酶、血管紧张素转换酶、肉碱脂酰转移酶Ⅰ和Ⅱ、蛋白激酶C、二肽基肽酶Ⅳ、蛋白酪氨酸激酶、蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶,这些酶都可能成为糖尿病治疗的靶点,是研发糖尿病治疗药物的新方向。

Drug Treatment for Diabetes Mellitus

Objective In recent years, as the incidence of diabetes is increasing day by day, anti-diabetic drugs have been paid more and more attention. This paper mainly introduced the domestic and international medicine for treating diabetes and the research direction of antidiabetic drugs. In order to provide references for clinical rational drug use. Methods Refer to the literatures, and summarize the summary. Results According to the mechanism and structure, the diabetes treating medicine are insulin secretagogues, insulin sensitizers, alpha glucosidase inhibitor, insulin and insulin analogues, two peptide peptidase- iv （ DPP IV ） inhibitors, other oral antidiabetic drugs. Metformin and acarbose gliclazide are used widely in the clinical. Co-administration of antidiabetic drugs were often used in the treatment of diabetes. Conclusion The occurrence and development of diabetes had a closely relationship with the disorder function of enzymes including alpha glucosidase, aldose reductase, nitric oxide syntbase, angiotensin converting enzyme, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and II, protein kinase C, two peptide peptidase IV, protein tyrosine kinases, protein tyrosine pbosphatase. These enzymes maybe the new targets of diabetes treatment and maybe the new trendency of diabetes drug development.