Retrospectively Collected EQ-5D-5L Data as Valid Proxies for Imputing Missing Information in Longitudinal Studies |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA;2. Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA;3. Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA;4. Mobile Stroke Unit and Stroke Research, Clinical Innovation and Research Institute, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX, USA |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesStudies face challenges with missing 5-level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L) data, often because of the need for longitudinal EQ-5D-5L data collection. There is a dearth of validated methodologies for dealing with missing EQ-5D-5L data in the literature. This study, for the first time, examined the possibility of using retrospectively collected EQ-5D-5L data as proxies for the missing data.MethodsParticipants who had prospectively completed a 3rd month postdischarge EQ-5D-5L instrument (in-the-moment collection) were randomly interviewed to respond to a 2nd “retrospective collection” of their 3rd month EQ-5D-5L at 6th, 9th, or 12th month after hospital discharge. A longitudinal single imputation was also used to assess the relative performance of retrospective collection compared with the longitudinal single imputation. Concordances between the in-the-moment, retrospective, and imputed measures were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients and weighted kappa statistics.ResultsConsiderable agreement was observed on the basis of weighted kappa (range 0.72-0.95) between the mobility, self-care, and usual activities dimensions of EQ-5D-5L collected in-the-moment and retrospectively. Concordance based on intraclass correlation coefficients was good to excellent (range 0.79-0.81) for utility indices computed, and excellent (range 0.93-0.96) for quality-adjusted life-years computed using in-the-moment compared with retrospective EQ-5D-5L. The longitudinal single imputation did not perform as well as the retrospective collection method.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that retrospective collection of EQ-5D-5L has high concordance with “in-the-moment” EQ-5D-5L and could be a valid and attractive alternative for data imputation when longitudinally collected EQ-5D-5L data are missing. Future studies examining this method for other disease areas and populations are required to provide more generalizable evidence. |
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| Keywords: | longitudinal studies missing data imputations retrospective data collection EQ-5D-5L |
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