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Variations in root canal morphology of permanent incisors and canines among Asian population: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Institution:	1. Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India;2. Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India;1. Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan;2. Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Division of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan;3. Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan;1. Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey;2. Department of Physics Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey;3. Department of Anatomy, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey;4. Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey;5. Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey;1. Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan;2. Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan;3. Department of Oral Anatomy, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan;4. Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan;5. Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan;6. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 236-8501, Japan;1. Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-misakicho, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan;2. Tokyo Dental College Research Branding Project, 2-9-18 Kanda-misakicho, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan;3. Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, 2-9-18 Kanda-misakicho, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan;4. Department of Oral Health and Clinical Science, Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, 2-9-18 Kanda-misakicho, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan;5. Laboratory of Biology, 2-9-18 Kanda-misakicho, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan;1. School of Health Sciences, Positivo University, 5300 Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza Street, Curitiba, 81280-330, PR, Brazil;2. Department of Periodontics and Oral Hygiene, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7500 Cambridge St, Houston, 77054, TX, USA;3. Department of Medical Anatomical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, 615 E 3rd St Pomona, 91766, CA, USA;4. Master Graduation on Urban and Industrial Environments, Polytechnic Center, Federal University of Paraná, 100 Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos Avenue, Curitiba, 81530-000, PR, Brazil;5. Department of Periodontics, IOA Boutique Curitiba, 6823 Sete de Setembro Avenue, Curitiba, 80240-001, PR, Brazil;6. Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Parana, 632 Prefeito Lothario Meissner Avenue, Curitiba, 80210-170, PR, Brazil

Abstract:	ObjectivesThis systematic review was designed to measure the pooled prevalence of morphological variations in the root canal of permanent incisors and canines among Asian adults.MethodsAn electronic search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO databases, and relevant studies were included. Studies reporting on the Vertucci canal configuration (types I to VIII) were included. A weighted proportion (pooled prevalence) with 95% confidence interval was calculated for each canal type, and the outcome was stratified based on country, technique of assessment, gender, and age.ResultsSixty articles were included in the final review. In all types of maxillary anterior teeth, the pooled prevalence of type I canal configuration was greater than 97%, whereas mandibular central incisor, lateral incisor, and canines had a prevalence of 78.4%, 69.2%, and 91.1%, respectively. Studies considering mandibular anterior teeth as a single entity had a lower prevalence of type I configuration (70.1%). Variations in root canal configurations were also observed between countries. Among gender, males had a significantly lower prevalence of type I and a higher prevalence of type II and III canal configurations in the mandibular anterior teeth. A variation in canal types was also noted with advancing age, with younger age groups showing more variations.ConclusionThe majority of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth have type I Vertucci canal configuration, but variations in mandibular anterior teeth, especially lateral incisors, are also common. Variations were also observed among population, gender, age, and prevalence based on the diagnostic techniques used.

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