后腹腔镜下肾切除时肾动静脉的处理

目的介绍后腹腔镜下肾切除过程中处理肾脏血管的经验. 方法 52例后腹腔镜下肾切除,全麻,健侧卧位.腰部3个trocar穿刺入路(2个10 mm,1个5 mm).自制水囊扩张器扩张后腹腔,首先分离肾动脉,尽量远离肾门,分离1～2 cm即可用直线切割器切断,肾静脉同法处理.注意肾动脉、静脉分离时沿纵轴即主干方向游离,否则易撕裂血管. 结果 52例肾动静脉分离切断过程顺利.6例肾动脉为双支动脉,1例为三支动脉.5例肾静脉为双支静脉.1例精索静脉损伤出血改为开放手术.术后无血管并发症. 结论后腹腔镜下直线切割器切断肾动静脉安全、可靠.

Management of the renal artery and vein in retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy

Objective To introduce the experience for managing the renal artery and vein during retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy. Methods A series of 52 consecutive patients underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy. The operation was performed under a general anesthesia. Patients were maintained in the lateral decubitus position. Two 10 mm trocars and one 5 mm trocar were introduced into the lumbar part. A self-made water-filled balloon was used to dilate the retroperitoneal cavity. In the performance of dissection of the renal artery, the renal hilum should be kept away from as much as possible. When the artery had been separated for 1~2 cm in length, a linear cutter was utilized to sever it. The management of the renal vein was identical with that for the artery. During the management of the renal artery and vein, utmost care should be exercised to dissect the vessels longitudinally; else they were liable to be ruptured. Results All procedures were completed smoothly. A double artery supply was found in 6 patients and a triple artery supply in 1. Five patients had a double venous return-flow. A conversion to open surgery was required in 1 patient for spermatic vein injuries. No postoperative vascular complications were observed. Conclusions Use of a linear cutter to sever the renal artery and vein under retroperitoneal laparoscope is safe and reliable.