不同养老模式老年人生命质量及影响因素研究

了解家庭养老和社区养老两种养老模式的老年人生命质量及其影响因素 ,为增进老年人的生命质量提供参考依据。方法　采用分层定额抽样的方法 ,分别调查家庭、社区老人的个人特征、慢性病患病情况 ,可能影响生命质量的社会、经济、文化因素 ,用 SF— 12量表评价老人的生命质量 ;t检验、x2 检验和逐步回归方法进行统计分析。结果　单因素分析时 ,年龄、性别、婚姻、文化程度、收入、疾病、养老方式等因素与生命质量的各领域或大多数领域均有关系 ;多因素分析发现 ,对生命质量有影响的主要因素是养老方式、慢性病患病、收入、年龄。结论　发展以家庭养老为主的综合性社区养老服务体系 ,搞好老年预防保健 ,提高老人的经济收入 ,是提高老人生命质量的重要措施。

Study of Quality of Life of the Elderly with Different Models of Providing for the Elderly and Its Influential Factors

Objectives. To learn quality of life of the elderly with the family providing for the elderly model and the community providing for the elderly model and their influential factors to provide reference basis for enhancing quality of life of the elderly. Methods. Using stratified quota sampling method to investigate characteristics of the families and the elderly, situation of having chronic diseases, possible factors influencing quality of life, which included social, economic and culture factors. We appraised the quality of life of the elderly with SF-12 and analyzed the data with t-test, x 2 test and stepwise multivariate regression methods. Results. Age, sex, marital status, education level, income, chronic diseases and model of providing for the elderly are correlated with most of domains of SF-12 with one-way factor analysis. The main factors influencing quality of life of the elderly are model of providing for the elderly, chronic diseases, income and age with multi-factor analysis. Conclusions. Developing comprehensive community providing for the elderly and service system taking family providing for the elderly as the dominant factor, doing well prevention and health care for the elderly and increasing income of the elderly are important steps to improving quality of life of the elderly.