我国零售药店分布现状及其发展建议

目的：为促进药品零售业的良性发展提供参考。方法：运用比较法对我国零售药店的分布现状及其不合理原因进行归纳分析,介绍欧美对零售药店分布管理的经验,并提出推进我国零售药店合理分布的建议。结果与结论：2006-2009年全国零售药店以每年约2万家的速度增长,但2012年1-6月只增加了2001家,分布呈现出极不均匀的状态。我国零售药店分布不合理的原因有距离调节法的实际效果差且合法性欠缺、人口密度调节法的操作性和灵活性差、市场调节法的不可控性和滞后性。欧洲各个成员国的药店开办制度各不相同,有的以地理和人口分布作为药店开办位置的标准,有的采取执照制度对药店的开办进行调节;美国零售药店则由各州的药店董事会负责监督管理。我国零售药店的合理分布应以市场调节为主,政府干预为辅,并应完善药品零售市场的监督管理机制。

Research on Distribution and Development Strategy of Retail Drugstores in China

OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for the development of drug retail trading. METHODS： The distribution of retail drugstores and the causes of irrational distribution were summarized and analyzed with comparison method. The experiences of Europe and America about distribution management of retail drugstores were interpreted, and some suggestions were put forward for reasonable distribution of retail drugstores in China. RESULTS ＆ CONCLUSIONS： The number of retail drugstores has increased by 20 000 per year in China during 2006-2009, while increased by 2 001 during Jan-Jun. 2012. The distribution of retail drugstores are quite uneven. The irrational reasons of retail drugstores in China are the poor actual effect and the lack of legitimacy of the distance adjustment method, the poor operability and flexibility of the population density adjustment method, and the market regulation method＇ s uncontrollability and lagging. The systems to set up drugstores are different among member states of Europe; in some countries, geography and population distribution are regarded as the standard; in other countries, the establishment of drugstores is adjusted according to license system. Retail drugstores are supervised and managed by state board of directors in America. The retail drugstores＇ distribution should abide by market regulation first and government intervention second in our country. It also should improve the supervision and management of drug retail market.