Targeted abrogation of diverse signal transduction cascades by emodin for the treatment of inflammatory disorders and cancer |
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Authors: | Deepti Shrimali Muthu K. Shanmugam Alan Prem Kumar Jingwen Zhang Benny K.H. Tan Kwang Seok Ahn Gautam Sethi |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore;2. Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, #11-01M, Singapore 117599, Singapore;3. School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia;4. Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA;5. College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea |
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Abstract: | Emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) is a natural occurring anthraquinone derivative isolated from roots and barks of numerous plants, molds, and lichens. It is found as an active ingredient in different Chinese herbs including Rheum palmatum and Polygonam multiflorum, and has diuretic, vasorelaxant, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. The anti-inflammatory effects of emodin have been exhibited in various in vitro as well as in vivo models of inflammation including pancreatitis, arthritis, asthma, atherosclerosis and glomerulonephritis. As an anti-cancer agent, emodin has been shown to suppress the growth of various tumor cell lines including hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic, breast, colorectal, leukemia, and lung cancers. Emodin is a pleiotropic molecule capable of interacting with several major molecular targets including NF-κB, casein kinase II, HER2/neu, HIF-1α, AKT/mTOR, STAT3, CXCR4, topoisomerase II, p53, p21, and androgen receptors which are involved in inflammation and cancer. This review summarizes reported anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects of emodin, and re-emphasizes its potential therapeutic role in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer. |
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