急性结直肠癌性梗阻内镜治疗的临床价值

目的探讨经内镜放置金属支架和肠梗阻导管治疗急性结直肠癌性梗阻的可行性与临床疗效。方法在X线辅助下,经内镜放置金属支架或肠梗阻导管治疗26例急性结直肠癌性梗阻的患者。其梗阻的部位分别为直肠14例,乙状结肠8例,降结肠3例,横结肠1例。结果 26例结直肠癌性梗阻中,20例放置金属支架,成功18例；6例放置肠梗阻导管,成功6例,总的操作成功率为92．3％(24／26)。操作成功的24例中。1例无效,23例术后1～2 d梗阻症状缓解或消除,临床有效率为88．5％(23／26)。其中13例为永久性姑息治疗,10例经内镜治疗解除梗阻后7～10d行1期肿瘤切除,术后均恢复顺利,无感染及吻合口漏等并发症发生。1例直肠癌术后复发伴盆腔广泛转移者治疗失败,1例乙状结肠癌广泛转移者术中穿孔而急诊行Hartmann术。1例术后6周支架移位,导致梗阻复发。置入第2根支架后缓解。1例术后1个月粪块堵塞支架。以探条及网篮疏通后缓解。结论经内镜放置金属支架或肠梗阻导管治疗急性结直肠癌性梗阻。能够有效缓解患者的梗阻症状,避免行结肠造瘘术,显著降低患者的创伤和痛苦。提高患者的生活质量。

The clinical value of endoscopic decompression on acute malignant colorectal obstruction

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and clinical value of endoscopic decompression with metal stent and colorectal tube for acute malignant colorectal obstruction. Methods With the aid of fluoroscopy, 26 cases with acute malignant colorectal obstruction were treated. Their obstructive sites consisted of rectum(n=14), sigmoid colon(n=8), descending colon(n=2) and transverse colon(n=1). Results In 18 of 26 patients, metal stents were successfully inserted (18/20, 90%), in 6 cases colorectal tube were successfully inserted(6/6, 100%), the total technical success rate was 92. 3% (24/26). Thereafter, 1 patient has no effect, 23 patients showed relief of obstructive symptoms within 1-2 days, the clinical success rate was 88.5% (23/26). Permanent metal stent placements were performed in 13 cases for palliative treatment, 10 underwent subsequent elective surgical resection after 7 ~ 10 days, without complications, such as anastomotic leakage and intraperitoneal infection. One case was failed in recurrent rectal carcinoma after resection, one case with widespread metastatic sigmoid colon carcinoma occurred colon perforation and received immediate Hartmann operation. Recurrent obstruction was detected in one patient with distal stent migration within 6 weeks, and second stent were placed to solve the problems. Stent occlusion from stool impaction was found in one patient 1 month after stent insertion, and was solved by endoscpic interventions. Conclusion Endoscopic decompression with metal stent and colorectal tube can alleviate the acute malignant colorectal obstructive sympotoms with high success rate. It is a simple, safe, effective and well tolerated method, and can obviate colostomy, prominently reduce trauma and agony, and increase the living quality of patients.