Synchrotron-based intra-venous K-edge digital subtraction angiography in a pig model: A feasibility study |
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Authors: | Elisabeth Schültke Stefan Fiedler Lissa Ogieglo Paul Crawford Thierry Brochard Herwig Requardt Bernhard Juurlink |
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Institution: | a Departments of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada b Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada c Department of Neurological Sciences, Walton Medical Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L97 LJ, UK d European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Nottkestrasse 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany e European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 6 rue Horowitz, 38043 Grenoble, France f Department of Neurosurgery, Section of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neurosurgery, The Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA g Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herfordshire AL9 7TA, UK h INSERM U836-ESRF, 6 rue Horowitz, 38043 Grenoble, France |
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Abstract: | BackgroundK-edge digital subtraction angiography (KEDSA) combined with the tunability of synchrotron beam yields an imaging technique that is highly sensitive to low concentrations of contrast agents. Thus, contrast agent can be administered intravenously, obviating the need for insertion of a guided catheter to deliver a bolus of contrast agent close to the target tissue. With the high-resolution detectors used at synchrotron facilities, images can be acquired at high spatial resolution. Thus, the KEDSA appears particularly suited for studies of neurovascular pathology in animal models, where the vascular diameters are significantly smaller than in human patients.Materials and methodsThis feasibility study was designed to test the suitability of KEDSA after intravenous injection of iodine-based contrast agent for use in a pig model. Four adult male pigs were used for our experiments. Neurovascular angiographic images were acquired using KEDSA with a solid state Germanium (Ge) detector at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble, France.ResultsAfter intravenous injection of 0.9 ml/kg iodinated contrast agent (Xenetix®), the peak iodine concentrations in the internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries reached 35 mg/ml. KEDSA images in radiography mode allowed the visualization of intracranial arteries of less than 1.5 mm diameter. |
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Keywords: | Animal model Cerebral angiography K-edge digital subtraction angiography (KEDSA) Pig Synchrotron |
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