成人高低角骨面型颅面结构的比较研究

目的　比较成人高低角骨面型颅面硬组织结构的差异。方法　对37名成人样本(高角17例、低角 20例)的53项硬组织X线头影测量指标进行测量和比较分析。结果　颅部结构中,高角组蝶鞍角(N-S-Ar)和颅底角(N-S-Ba)明显小于低角组(P<0·01)。上颌结构中,两组间腭平面倾斜度(SN-PP,FH-PP)、上颌骨相对颅底的前后位置(S-Ptm)没有明显差异,高角组上颌骨体长度(Ptm-A)小于低角组,相对于颅骨和上颌骨的平面倾斜度(SN- OP,FH-OP,PP-OP)大于低角组,高角组下颌骨体长度(Go-Po)和升支倾斜度(FH-RP)的均值小于低角组,但未发现两组间有统计学差异,同时,下颌升支高度(Co-Go)、Po-NB距及下颌颏联合厚度(klhhd)明显小于低角组。下颌平面角 (SN-MP,FH-MP,PP-MP)、关节角(S-Ar-Go)、下颌角(Ar-Go-Me)、SUM及Y轴角大于低角组。两组间前上面高(N- ANS)没有明显差异;高角组前面高(N-Me)、后上面高(S-Co)、前下面高(ANS-Me)大于低角组,后面高(S-Go)小于低角组;同时面高指数(FHI,S-Go/N-Me)、前上面高与全面高比(N-ANS/N-Me)及前上面高与前下面高比(N-ANS/ANS- Me)均小于低角组,前下面高与全面高比(ANS-Me/N-Me)大于低角组。结论　成人高低角骨面型之间颅面结构存在较大差异,特别在面下1/3。

Comparison of Craniofacial Skeletal Structures in Adult High-angle and Low-angle Facial Skeletal Types

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the differences of craniofacial characteristics of adult high-angle and low-angle facial skeletal types. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 37 yellow race adults (17 high-angle, 20 low-angle). Fifty-three items of cephlometic radiographs were analyzed. RESULTS: The angle of N-S-Ar and N-S-Ba, the distance of Ptm-A, Co-Go, Po-NB, and S-Go, and the thickness of the mandibular symphysis in high-angle group were smaller than these in low-angle group. The angles of SN-OP, FH-OP, PP-OP, SN-MP, FH-MP, PP-MP, S-Ar-Go, mandibular angle(Ar-Go-Me), Y-angel and SUM, the distance of S-Co, N-Me, and ANS-Me in high-angle group were greater than these in low-angle group. The index of FHI, N-ANS/N-Me, and N-ANS/ANS-Me were smaller, and ANS-Me/N-Me larger in high-angle group. Although the means of Go-Po and FH-RP were smaller in high angle group, but no statistical difference were found. CONCLUSION: The craniofacial morphology of adult high-angle and low-angle facial skeletal types demonstrated significant differences, especially in lower facial form.