MRI of the pulmonary parenchyma |
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Authors: | H-U Kauczor K-F Kreitner |
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Institution: | Klinik für Radiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universit?t Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany, DE
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Abstract: | Imaging of the pulmonary parenchyma represents a unique challenge for MRI. Limited signal is caused by low proton density,
susceptibility artifacts, and physiological motion (cardiac pulsation, respiration). Recently, further improvements in MRI
techniques have widened the potential for investigations of pulmonary parenchymal disease. These include very short echo times,
ultrafast turbo-spin-echo acquisitions, projection reconstruction technique, breathhold imaging, ECG triggering, contrast
agents (perfusion imaging, aerosols), sodium imaging, hyperpolarized noble gas imaging, and oxygen enhancement. By using widely
available techniques, MRI is helpful in the assessment of (a) acute alveolitic processes in chronic infiltrative lung disease,
(b) detection and characterization of pulmonary nodules, (c) detection, characterization, and follow-up of pneumonia, (d)
differentiation of obstructive atelectasis from non-obstructive atelectasis and infarctions, and (e) measurements of lung
water content. Chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, and emphysema are not readily assessable by routine MRI techniques. More
sophisticated techniques are under investigation for MR imaging of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion. They represent the
beginning of functional MR imaging of the lung which will be established in the future. |
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Keywords: | : MRI non-proton MRI Lung Disease Pneumonia Atelectasis Lung fibrosis Pulmonary edema |
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