Development and evaluation of a self‐care assessment inventory for workers

Aim: To develop and evaluate a self‐care assessment inventory for workers (SCAI‐W). Methods: A study using a self‐care assessment inventory for workers consisting of 27 self‐care items, the Japanese version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Japanese version of the University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology Mood Adjective Checklist (JUMACL) was conducted. These questionnaires were distributed to 2297 workers. There were 893 valid responses (39.9%, 584 men and 309 women, mean age 37.2 ± 10.2 years). Results: Three primary and eight secondary factors were established for the conceptual structure of self‐care and validated by structural equation modeling. “Positive attitude” comprised the secondary factors, “hope” and “sense of fulfillment”, and was influenced by another secondary factor, “social support”. “Positive attitude” contributed to “attitude toward health”. “Attitude toward health” comprised the secondary factors, “care about one's health” and “correction of bad habits”. “Attitude toward health” influenced a primary factor, “everyday behavior”, comprised of “wakefulness”, “eating in moderation”, and “lack of self‐control”. The primary factors “positive attitude” and “everyday behavior” influenced the BDI scores. A multiple regression analysis indicated that JUMACL subscale scores (energetic arousal and tense arousal), demographic data (living alone, sex, and age) and health‐related data (exercise, smoking, body mass index, drinking more than three alcoholic drinks/day, and gambling) predicted the scores of the self‐care assessment inventory for workers. Conclusion: This assessment inventory could be a useful measure of workers' self‐care because it establishes a relationship between psychological and behavioral concepts that are important for health promotion.