甲醛和三氯乙烯联合染毒对小鼠行为功能的影响

目的研究甲醛和三氯乙烯联合染毒对小鼠神经行为的影响,为评价室内装修材料中甲醛和三氯乙烯对人体健康的危害提供科学依据。方法通过Morris水迷宫实验筛选健康清洁级昆明小鼠108只(雌雄各半),按照3×3析因的要求进行随机分组,采用静式吸入染毒,将小鼠暴露于不同浓度的甲醛、三氯乙烯及其二者的混合气体中,每天2 h,连续14 d。染毒结束后,采用Morris水迷宫实验和旷场实验对小鼠进行神经行为学测试。结果 Morris水迷宫实验结果显示,在定位导航实验中,单独及联合染毒组小鼠逃避潜伏期随着训练次数的增多均呈缩短趋势、且随着染毒剂量的增加小鼠逃避潜伏期延长,训练天数、甲醛和三氯乙烯对小鼠逃避潜伏期的影响差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),同时甲醛和三氯乙烯对小鼠逃避潜伏期的影响存在交互作用(P<0.05)。在空间探索实验中,甲醛和三氯乙烯单独及联合染毒均可致小鼠第一次跨越原平台位置的时间延长。二者联合染毒对小鼠第一次跨越原平台位置的时间和原平台象限游泳距离占总距离百分比的影响存在交互作用(P<0.05),且表现为协同。旷场实验结果显示,甲醛和三氯乙烯染毒致小鼠在中央区活动时间延长,站立次数下降,中央区活动距离占总距离百分比增大,二者对小鼠在旷场实验中的中央区活动时间、直立次数以及中央区活动距离占总距离百分比的影响均有交互作用(P<0.01),且表现为协同。结论甲醛和三氯乙烯能降低小鼠的学习记忆能力,影响神经行为表现,二者联合染毒具有一定的协同作用。

Effects of joint exposure to formaldehyde and trichloroethylene on behavior in mice

Objective To study the effects of joint exposure to formaldehyde and trichloroethylene on behavior in mice, thus offering the scientific rationale for assessment of the harms of formaldehyde and trichloroethylene to the health. Methods One hundred and eight Kunming mice （50% males） were screened via water-maze test and, based on the 3x3 factorial randomization algorithm, randomly assigned to be exposed to different concentrations of formalde- hyde, triehloroethylene and their mixture via inhalation with static electricity for 2 h daily for 14 d. This was followed by Morris water-maze and open-field test to determine the behavior of mice. Results In space training and learning experiment, there was a trend towards a shortened escape latency as with the increased number of days of training, and a lengthened decreased escape latency as with the increased dose of exposure （both P〈0.01）. There was an inter- action of the incubation period in mice between formaldehyde and triehloroethylene （P〈0.05）. In the space exploration experiment, formaldehyde and trichloroethylene exposures individually or in combination resulted in a prolonged dura- tion of climbing through the initial platform, and there was an interaction and synergistic effect in formaldehyde and trichloroethylene on the duration of climbing through the initial platform and the ratio of swimming distance in target quadrant to the total distance （P〈0.05）. The results of open-field test showed that exposure to formaldehyde and trichloroethylene led to a prolonged latency in the central quadrant, a reduced number of standing and the ratio of the duration in the central quadrant to the total distance, with an interaction and synergistic effect between formaldehyde and triehloroethylene （P〈0.01）. Conclusion Formaldehyde and trichloroethylene, which when exposed simultaneous, may synergistically reduce the ability of learning and memory in terms of impaired neurological behaviors in mice.