Influence of harvest season on chemical composition and bioactivity of wild rue plant hydroalcoholic extracts |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy;2. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department Pharmacognosy, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4/1, 8010 Graz, Austria;1. Department of Food Science & Technology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The University of Georgia, 100 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA;2. Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;3. Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, The University of Georgia, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA;1. Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China;2. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Bethune International Peace Hospital, 398 West Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050082, PR China;1. Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales et Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria;2. Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;3. IBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal;4. iMED, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. das Forças Armadas, 1649-019 Lisboa, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | The rue (Ruta graveolens) copiousness in rural areas of the Campania Region based a thorough chemical and biological investigation aimed at exploring the seasonal variability of phenol constituents in rue leaves and its influence on their antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory capabilities. To this purpose, hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared from plant samples seasonally collected. LC-ESI-MS/MS techniques were employed to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively the seasonal rue phenol content, whereas different chemical antioxidant assays (by DPPH, ABTS, Fe3+ RP, ORAC, and FCR methods) and XTT redox metabolic activity assay were performed to screen the seasonal phenol complex-related antioxidant and cytotoxic power. The ability of the rue leaf extracts to counteract cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression was also evaluated. Data obtained highlighted that the adopted extraction procedure markedly pauperized the furanocoumarin content in all the prepared rue extracts. Flavonol glycosides, along with the flavone acacetin and two sinapic acid derivatives were the main constituents of the spring harvest-derived extract, which exerted the highest antioxidant capability in cell-free systems and was capable to inhibit COX-2 synthesis by 44% comparably to dexamethasone, used as positive control. Data provide new insights for developing a proper management of rue plants for new safe industrial purposes in herbal medicine field. |
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| Keywords: | LC-MS/MS phenol profile Antiradical capability Cytotoxicity Anti-inflammatory activity |
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