眼轴与眼球生物学相关参数的分析

目的:探讨眼轴长度(axial length,AL)与年龄、屈光状态及眼球生物学相关参数的关系。方法:对360例360只右眼正视及近视受试者采用全自动电脑验光仪、A超、角膜厚度测量仪、非接触式眼压计、OrbscanⅡ及3D-OCT分别测量屈光状态、AL、角膜厚度(center corneal thickness,CCT)、眼压(intraocular pressure,IOP)、前房深度(anterior chamber depth,ACD)、白对白距离(white-to-white distance,WWD)、角膜曲率(corneal curvature,CC)及视网膜神经纤维层厚度(retinal nerve fiber layer thickness,RNFLT),用Pearson相关系数及多元回归方法评估AL与年龄、屈光状态及眼球生物学相关参数的关系。结果:AL均值为24.15±1.26mm,Pearson相关性分析显示AL与年龄(r=-0.238,P<0.01)、等值球镜度数(r=-0.742,P<0.01)、CC(r=-0.395,P<0.01)及RNFLT(r=-0.374,P<0.01)成负相关,而与ACD(r=0.411,P<0.01)呈正相关,与CCT(r=0.099,P=0.060)及WWD(r=0.061,P=0.252)无相关性。将AL及与其具有相关性的参数进一步行多元线性回归分析,AL与年龄(P=0.001)、SE(P<0.01)、ACD(P<0.01)及CC(P<0.01)具有相关性。结论:AL随着年龄增长表现为逐渐变短的趋势。眼轴越长,近视屈光度越高,角膜越扁平,前房越深,RNFLT越薄。

Relation between axial length and ocular parameters

AIM: To investigatethe relation between axial length(AL), age and ocular parameters.

METHODS: A total of 360 subjects(360 eyes)with emmetropia or myopia were recruited. Refraction, center corneal thickness(CCT), AL, intraocular pressure(IOP)were measured by automatic-refractor, Pachymeter, A-mode ultrasound and non-contact tonometer, respectively. Corneal curvature(CC), anterior chamber depth(ACD)and white-to-white distance(WWD)were measured by Orbscan II. Three dimensional frequency domain coherent optical tomography(3D-OCT)was used to examine the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(RNFLT). The Pearson correlation coefficient(r)and multiple regression analysis were performed to evaluate the relationship between AL, age and ocular parameters.

RESULTS: The average AL was 24.15±1.26mm. With elongation of the AL, spherical equivalent(SE)(r=-0.742,P<0.01), CC(r=-0.395, P<0.01)and RNFLT(r=-0.374, P<0.01)all decreased, while the mean ACD(r=0.411, P<0.01)increased. On the contrary, there was not statistical significan with CCT(r=0.099, P=0.060)and WWD(r=0.061, P=0.252). There was also a significant correlation between AL and age(P=0.001), SE(P<0.001), ACD(P<0.001), CC(P<0.001)in Multiple linear regression analysis.

CONCLUSION: In longer eyes, there is a tendency toward myopia, a flatter cornea, a deeper ACD and a thinner RNFLT. Age is an influencing factor for the AL as well.