永宁县婴幼儿营养状况及喂养状况的调查研究

目的:通过对永宁县婴幼儿营养状况的调查,了解永宁县婴幼儿的营养状况以及喂养状况,为婴幼儿合理喂养、改善婴幼儿营养状况、减少营养不良的患病率提出科学依据。方法:选择永宁县1个社区和1个乡镇0～3岁婴幼儿为研究对象,自行设计调查问卷对婴幼儿一般喂养状况进行调查,并测量身高(身长)、体重,采用WHO推荐使用的Z评分方法来评价婴幼儿的营养状况。结果:城镇婴幼儿的母乳喂养率为27.3%,农村婴幼儿的母乳喂养率为34.7%,母乳喂养率较低。城乡婴幼儿各类辅食添加率差异较显著,城镇≤6月婴幼儿主要添加蛋类、乳类和水果,农村谷类和乳类添加较多,6月龄婴幼儿各类辅食添加率明显提高,但仍存在城乡差异,除谷类、蔬菜、豆类添加率农村高于城镇外,其他辅食添加率均为城镇高于农村。婴幼儿营养不良和营养过剩同时存在,低体重率为3.55%,消瘦率为2.03%,发育迟缓率为15.48%,超重率为9.64%,且农村高于城镇。因为农村婴幼儿发育迟缓率较高,实际属于生长迟缓型肥胖。结论:大力宣传提倡母乳喂养,全面加强婴幼儿喂养的宣传与指导,尤其是在农村地区,婴幼儿抚养人应作为宣传教育的重点人群。

Investigation and research of nutritional status and feeding status of infants in Yongning county

Objective:To understand the nutritional status and feeding status of infants in Yongning county by investigating the nutritional status of infants in Yongning county,provide a scientific basis for reasonable feeding of infants,improving nutritional status and reducing the incidence of malnutrition.Methods:The infants aged 0～3 years old from a community and a county town in Yongning county were selected,a self-designed questionnaire was used to survey the general feeding status of infants,and their body height and body weight were measured,Z-scoring method recommended by WHO was used to evaluating the nutritional status of infants.Results:The breastfeeding rates of urban infants and rural infants were 27.3% and 34.7%,respectively;there was significant difference in complementary feeding rate between urban infants and rural infants,for the urban infants less than 6 months,the main types of complementary feeding were eggs,milk and fruit,while for the rural infants less than 6 months,the main types of complementary feeding were grains and milk;the complementary feeding rate of infants over than 6 months increased significantly,but there was significant difference between urban and rural areas,the adding rates of grains,vegetables,beans in rural areas were significantly higher than those in urban areas,while the adding rates of the other supplement foods in urban areas were significantly higher than those in rural areas.Infantile malnutrition and overnutrition contemporarily existed,the low body weight rate was 3.55%,the weight loss rate was 2.03%,the stunting rate was 15.48%,and the overweight rate was 6.73%,the rates were higher in rural areas than urban areas.Because of the higher stunting rate in rural areas,it actually belonged to hypoevolutism obesity.Conclusion:Breastfeeding should be advocated,propaganda and direction of infant feeding should be enhanced comprehensively,especially in rural areas,the supervisors of infants should be regarded as the focus group.