不同水质及饲料对3种蚊虫幼虫生长影响的观察

目的探讨不同水质及饲料对3种实验室饲养蚊种幼虫生长情况的影响。方法实验蚊种为白纹伊蚊、致倦库蚊和三带喙库蚊；3种水质为脱氯48h自来水、烧开并放置48h自来水和单蒸水；饲料为羊肝馒头粉或食母生片。在室温26～28~C，湿度70％～80％及人工光照12～14h条件下，观察蚊虫幼虫在不同水质环境、不同饲料条件下的生长和化蛹情况。结果食母生片饲养较羊肝馒头粉更易产生生物膜。白纹伊蚊幼虫在3种水质饲养下．死亡率等级为2级，从1龄幼虫孵化至化蛹的时间（简称化蛹时间）均为（7．3~0．6）d；致倦库蚊幼虫在3种水质饲养下，死亡率等级为3级，化蛹时间分别为（7．0~0．0）、（7．7~0．6）和（11．3＋0．6）d。三带喙库蚊幼虫在脱氯48h自来水中全部死亡，在其它两种水质中的死亡率等级与致倦库蚊相同，化蛹时间分别为（7．3＋0．6）和（7．0＋0．0）d。在脱氯48h自来水或单蒸水条件下，用羊肝馒头粉或食母生片饲养，白蚊伊蚊的化蛹时间均为（7．3-0．6）d；两种水质条件下，致倦库蚊幼虫的化蛹时间均是用羊肝馒头粉饲养的时间较食母生片短。在单蒸水条件下，三带喙库蚊幼虫的化蛹时间也是羊肝馒头粉的时间较短。结论不同水质对白纹伊蚊幼虫的生长无影响，对致倦库蚊化蛹时间有影响。三带喙库蚊对水质的要求较高。单纯食母生片饲养，库蚊幼虫发育缓慢。

Effect of Different Types of Water and Diets on the Growth of Three Species of Mosquito Larvae

Objective To investigate the influence of different sources of water and diets on the growth of laboratory- reared Aedes albopictus, Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Culex pipiens quinquefascitatus larvae. Methods We observed the growth and pupation time of larvae of A.albopictus, C.tritaeniorhynchus and C.pipiens quinquefascitatus in chlorine-free tap water, boiled water and distilled water, respectively and diets （powder mixed with sheep＇s liver and steamed and yeast tablet） under the conditions of temperature between 26~C and 28~C ,the relative humidity from 70% to 80% and artificial light illumination for 12 to 14 hours. Results The formation of biological membrane of the larvae cultured in yeast tablet was easier than those cultured in powder mixed with sheep＇s liver. The death degrees of A. dbopictus and C. tritaeniorhynchus cultured in different types of water were 2nd and 3rd, respectively. The duration of the larval stage to pupation of A.albopictus was （7.3~ 0.6） days in all 3 kinds of water, while for C. pipiens quinquefascitatus the duration time of culturing in chlorine-free tap water, boiled water and distilled water were （7.0~0.0）days, （7.7~0.6）days and （11.3=0.6） days, respectively. The larvae of C. tritaeriorhynchus in chlorine-free tap water all died after 48 h, while the death degrees when cultured in boiled water and distilled water were both 3rd degree. The duration of the larval stage to pupation of C.tritaeniorhynchus was （7.3~0.6）days and（7.0~0.0）days. The duration of the larval stage of A.albopitus, fed by powder mixed with sheep＇s liver and steamed or yeast tablet was （7.3~ 0.6） days in chlorine-free tap water or distilled water. The duration of the larval stage to pupation of C.quinquefasciatus fed by powder mixed with sheep＇s liver was shorter than those fed by yeast tablet in chlorine-free tap water and distilled water. The duration of the larval stage to pupation of C.tritaeniorhynchus fed by powder mixed with sheep＇s liver was also shorter than those fed by yeast tablet in distilled water. Conclusions The types of water have no effects on the growth of A.albopictu larvae,but affected the pupation time of C. pipiens quinquefasciatus. C. tritaeniorhynchus has higher requirement on water quality. The Culex larvae fed with the diet of pure yeast tablet grow slower.