Effect of auranofin,a new antiarthritic agent,on immune complex-induced release of lysosomal enzymes from human leukocytes

Auranofin, an oral chrysotherapeutic agent effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), was found to be a potent, noncytotoxic inhibitor of IgG-RF immune complex-induced lysosomal enzyme release (LER) from human leukocytes. At a concentration of 1 g Au/ml (5M), auranofin produced a marked reduction in-glucuronidase (100%), acid phosphatase (88%), and lysozyme (72%) release. In contrast, gold sodium thiosulfate (GST, an injectable gold compound) had no inhibitory activity on LER at equivalent gold concentrations (i.e., 1g Au/ml) and only modest activity (< 36% inhibition) at concentrations as high as 40g Au/ml. The 50% inhibitory dose (ID₅₀) of auranofin on LER was calculated to be 3–4M (0.6–0.8g Au/ml). Blood gold levels in auranofin-treated RA patients were found to be within the range required for in vitro inhibition of LER, and correlated with decreases in IgG, RF titers, and IgG-RF immune-complex formation in vitro. These results suggest that the therapeutic action of auranofin may be caused, at least in part, by inhibition of LER and/or decreases in immune-complex formation.SK&F D-39162 (2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio--D-glucopyranosato-S) (triethylphosphine) Gold.