儿童精神分裂症临床特点的研究

目的探讨儿童精神分裂症近10年来的变化特点及趋势。方法对1986～1989年（10年前组,118例）和1996～1999年（10年后组,116例）234例住院精神分裂症患者的病例资料进行回顾性研究,并按发病年龄将两组分为<6岁、6～9岁、10～12岁及13～15岁年龄段,比较两组的发病年龄及症状变化特点。结果10年后组的平均发病年龄［（11.6±1.6）岁］较10年前组［(13.2±2.0）岁］提前1.6岁(P<0.05)。10年后组在10～12岁年龄段,幻视的发生率（66.7%）高于10年前组（38.5%,P<0.01）;与10年前组比较,10年后组除<6岁年龄段外,余各年龄段的关系妄想发生率均有升高（P<0.01,0.05,0.01）,10～12岁年龄段钟情妄想的发生率亦升高（P<0.01）。涉及性现象、武打、恐怖、迷信、虚幻、学习能力、经济状况等精神症状的发生率上升(P<0.01,0.05)。结论近10年来儿童精神分裂症的平均发病年龄提前,关系妄想发生率的升高较明显;涉及性现象等精神症状是目前儿童精神分裂症的特点之一。

A study of clinical features of childhood schizophrenia

Objective　The purpose of this study was to explore the distinctive alterations and tendency in symptomatology of childhood schizophrenia in recent ten years. Methods　234 cases with schizophrenia, who were hospitalized in Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University (group 1, 118 cases in 1986-1989; group 2, 116 cases in 1996-1999) were reexamined in a retrospective study. According to the age of onset, the cases were divided into four groups, as under 6 years, 6-9 years, 10-12 years and 13-15 years. The age of onset, alternations of symptomatology and its tendency in the four age groups were compared. Results　It was observed some tendency that the average age of onset in Group 2 ［（11.6±1.6）years］ was 1.6 years earlier than that in Group 1［（13.2±2.0）years］（P<0.05）. Visual hallucinations in 10-12 years (66.7%) in Group 2 were more than that in the similar age group in Group 1（38.5%, P<0.01）. In comparison with Group 1, delusion of love was more observed in each age group except those aged under 6 years in Group 2（P<0.01,0.05,0.01）. The symptoms of schizophrenia concerning sexual problem, martial exercise, terror, superstition, fantasy, learning disability were more than ten years ago （P<0.01,0.05）. Conclusions　It indicates that the age of onset of childhood schizophrenia become earlier in recent ten years, and delusions, especially that concerning sexual problem are more occurred.