腹腔镜胆总管探查术后不留置T管引流的临床研究

目的探讨免T管腹腔镜下胆总管探查的可行性及适应证。方法回顾性分析 175例试行腹腔镜胆总管探查的临床结果。结果 175例中成功施行腹腔镜下胆总管探查 16 9例 ,因结石嵌顿探查 (取石 )失败 6例 ,其中 2例中转开腹 ,另 4例行术中内镜下乳头括约肌切开术 (EST)并取石 ,1例EST失败后中转开腹。 16 9例腹腔镜下胆总管探查术后 10 4例不放置T管 ,平均住院时间 2 7d ,其中胆总管切开探查一期缝合 6 8例 ,平均手术时间 135min ,术后平均住院时间 3d ;经胆囊管胆总管探查 36例 ,平均手术时间 14 0min ,术后平均住院时间 2d。 16 9例腹腔镜下胆总管探查中胆总管切开探查T管引流 6 5例 ,平均手术时间 15 0min ,术后平均住院时间 4d ,T管平均拔管时间为术后 38d ,1例于术后拔T管后出现腹痛 ,经保守治疗后痊愈 ;残留结石 1例 ,术后经EST取净结石。术后无死亡病例 ,术后未发生出血或胆漏 ,4例术后 (无症状 )出现尿淀粉酶一过性升高 ,随访时间 1～ 10 3个月 ,平均 13个月 ,无胆管狭窄。结论在有选择的病例中 ,腹腔镜下胆总管探查术后可以不放置T管引流 ,从而缩短住院时间 ,避免放置T管所致的各种并发症。

T tube free laparoscopic common bile duct exploration

Objective To explore the feasibility and indications of T tube free laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE). Methods The therapeutic results of LCBDE in 175 cases were reviewed retrospectively regarding the cure rate, complications, and postoperative hospital stay. Results LCBDE was performed successfully in 169 cases. Laparoscopic stone removal was failed in 6 out of the 175 cases. Two were converted to open exploration, the remaining 4 cases received intraoperative EST, the procedure failed in one case and it was converted to open surgery. T tube free LCBDE was performed successfully in 104 cases, in 36 out of the 104 cases laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration was successful, the mean operation time was 140 minutes and the mean hospital stay after operation was 2 days; in other 68 cases laparoscopic choledochotomy with primary duct closure was performed, the mean operation time was 135 minutes and the mean hospital stay after operation was 3 days. T tubes were placed in 65 cases, the mean operation time for those patients was 150 minutes and the mean hospital stay after operation was 4 days, the mean T tube drainage time was 38 days. Retained stone was found in one out of the 65 cases, and was removed by EST. Bile leakage after removal of T tube developed in one case, and was cured by conservative therapy. No mortality nor complications such as bleeding or bile leakage occurred in remaining cases, asymptomatic hyperamylasia was found in 4 cases postoperatively. No stone recurrence or duct stricture were found at a mean follow-up of 13 months. Conclusions T tube free LCBDE as an alternative to the treatment of CBD stones is safe and feasible, with shorter hospitalization and avoiding the potential complications related to the T tube placement.