我国中药来源的抗HIV天然化合物研究进展

由于迄今仍无艾滋病 (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS) 疫苗问世, 抗人类免疫缺陷病毒 (human immunodeficiency virus, HIV) 药物仍然是艾滋病治疗的主要手段。传统中药和药用植物来源的天然化合物具有结构多样性、毒性较低、来源广泛等特点, 因而在防治艾滋病方面有着独特的优势和巨大的潜力。研究者已经对天然化合物抗HIV作用进行了大量研究, 并取得了可喜的成绩, 发现了一些生物碱、香豆素、木脂素、黄酮类、萜类、鞣质类、多糖类、蛋白质和多肽类等天然化合物具有抗HIV的活性。然而, 多数研究都是在体外试验完成的, 大多数天然化合物体外抗HIV活性偏低, 而且抗HIV的靶点仍不十分清楚。本文结合笔者实验室研究工作, 重点介绍近年来我国传统中药来源的抗HIV活性较强的天然化合物研究进展。

Advances in the study of anti-HIV natural compounds derived from traditional Chinese medicines

Anti-HIV drugs still remain as the dominant role in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), because no vaccine was found till today.  Owing to structural diversity, few side effects, and abundant resources, natural compounds from traditional Chinese medicines and medicinal plants have unique advantages and good potential in prevention and treatment of AIDS.  Many researchers have made great efforts in the field of anti-HIV natural compounds, and have found some natural compounds from traditional Chinese medicines with potent anti-HIV activities.  These compounds can be classified into the following categories: alkaloids, coumarins, lignans, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, polysaccharides, proteins and peptides, and   polyphenols.  However, most of these researches are performed in vitro, and most natural compounds show weak anti-HIV activities and indefinite acting targets.  In the paper, we reviewed some natural compounds   derived from traditional Chinese medicines with potent anti-HIV activities in recent years.